求教C++程序代码,有关数据结构的,哈夫曼树,紧急!

2025-02-22 23:57:08
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

  #include
  #include
  #define MAXLEN 100
  typedef struct Huffmantree{
  char ch;/*键值*/
  int weight,mark;/*weight为权值,mark为标志域*/
  struct Huffmantree*parent,*lchild,*rchild,*next;
  }Hftree,*linktree;
  /*整理输入的字符串,合并相同的项,并求出每个字符在数组中出现的次数*/
  linktree tidycharacter(char character[])
  {
  int i=0;
  linktree tree,ptr,beforeptr,node;/*链式,tree为头结点,beforeptr为ptr的前一结点,node为新申请的结点*/
  tree=(linktree)malloc(sizeof(Hftree));/*创建单链表的头结点*/
  if(!tree)return NULL;
  tree->next=NULL;/*头结点为空,且后续结点为空*/
  for(i=0;character!='\0'&&character!='\n';i++){/*遍历直到字符串结束为止*/
  ptr=tree;
  beforeptr=tree;
  node=(linktree)malloc(sizeof(Hftree));/*新申请结点node*/
  if(!node)return NULL;
  node->next=NULL;
  node->parent=NULL;
  node->lchild=NULL;
  node->rchild=NULL;/*置空*/
  node->mark=0;
  node->ch=character;
  node->weight=1;
  if(tree->next==NULL)
  tree->next=node;/*头结点的下一结点为空,连接node*/
  else{
  ptr=tree->next;
  while(ptr&&ptr->ch!=node->ch){/*将指针移至链表尾*/
  ptr=ptr->next;
  beforeptr=beforeptr->next;/*后移*/
  }
  if(ptr&&ptr->ch==node->ch){/*如果链表中某结点的字符与新结点的字符相同*/
  /*将该结点的权加一*/
  ptr->weight=ptr->weight+1;
  free(node);/*释放node结点的存储空间*/
  }
  else{/*新结点与表中结点不相同,将新结点插入链表后*/
  node->next=beforeptr->next;
  beforeptr->next=node;/*node连接在beforeptr之后*/
  }
  }
  }
  return tree;
  }
  /*将整理完的字符串按出现次数从小到大的顺序排列*/
  linktree taxisnode(linktree tree)
  {
  linktree head,ph,pt,beforeph;/*head为新链表的表头结点*/
  head=(linktree)malloc(sizeof(Hftree));/*创建新链表的头结点*/
  if(!head)return NULL;
  head->next=NULL;/*新结点的头结点为空,后续结点也为空*/
  ph=head;
  beforeph=head;
  while(tree->next){
  pt=tree->next;/*取被操作链表的首元结点*/
  tree->next=pt->next;
  pt->next=NULL;/*取出pt所指向的结点*/
  ph=head->next;
  beforeph=head;
  if(head->next==NULL)
  head->next=pt;/*创建当前操作链表首元结点*/
  else{
  while(ph&&ph->weightweight){/*将被操作结点插入相应位置*/
  ph=ph->next;
  beforeph=beforeph->next;
  }
  pt->next=beforeph->next;
  beforeph->next=pt;
  }
  }
  free(tree);
  return head;
  }
  /*用排完序的字符串建立霍夫曼树*/
  linktree createHftree(linktree tree)
  {
  linktree p,q,newnode,beforep;
  for(p=tree->next,q=p->next;p!=NULL&&q!=NULL;p=tree->next,q=p->next){
  tree->next=q->next;
  q->next=NULL;
  p->next=NULL;
  newnode=(linktree)malloc(sizeof(Hftree));/*申请新结点作为霍夫曼树的中间结点*/
  if(!newnode)return NULL;
  newnode->next=NULL;
  newnode->mark=0;
  newnode->lchild=p;/*取链表头结点后的两个结点作为新结点的左、右儿子*/
  newnode->rchild=q;
  p->parent=newnode;
  q->parent=newnode;
  newnode->weight=p->weight+q->weight;
  p=tree->next;
  beforep=tree;
  if(p!=NULL&&p->weight>=newnode->weight){/*将新结点插入原链表的相应位置*/
  newnode->next=beforep->next;
  beforep->next=newnode;
  }
  else{
  while(p!=NULL&&p->weightweight){
  p=p->next;
  beforep=beforep->next;
  }
  newnode->next=beforep->next;
  beforep->next=newnode;
  }
  }
  return(tree->next);
  }
  /*对霍夫曼树进行编码*/
  void Huffmancoding(linktree tree)
  {
  int index=0;
  char*code;
  linktree ptr=tree;
  code=(char*)malloc(10*sizeof(char));/*此数组用于统计霍夫曼编码*/
  printf("字符以及它的相应权数---------霍夫曼编码\n\n");
  if(ptr==NULL){
  printf("霍夫曼树是空的!\n");
  exit(0);
  }
  else{
  while(ptr->lchild&&ptr->rchild&&ptr->mark==0){
  while(ptr->lchild&&ptr->lchild->mark==0){
  code[index++]='0';
  ptr=ptr->lchild;
  if(!ptr->lchild&&!ptr->rchild){
  ptr->mark=1;
  code[index]='\0';
  printf("\tw[%c]=%d\t\t\t",ptr->ch,ptr->weight);
  for(index=0;code[index]!='\0';index++)
  printf("%c",code[index]);
  printf("\n");
  ptr=tree;
  index=0;
  }
  }
  if(ptr->rchild&&ptr->rchild->mark==0){
  ptr=ptr->rchild;
  code[index++]='1';
  }
  if(!ptr->lchild&&!ptr->rchild){
  ptr->mark=1;
  code[index++]='\0';
  printf("\tw[%c]=%d\t\t\t",ptr->ch,ptr->weight);
  for(index=0;code[index]!='\0';index++)
  printf("%c",code[index]);
  printf("\n");
  ptr=tree;
  index=0;
  }
  if(ptr->lchild->mark==1&&ptr->rchild->mark==1)
  {
  ptr->mark=1;
  ptr=tree;
  index=0;
  }
  }
  }
  printf("\n");
  free(code);
  }
  /*解码*/
  void decode(linktree tree,char code[])
  {
  int i=0,j=0;
  char*char0_1;
  linktree ptr=tree;
  char0_1=(char*)malloc(10*sizeof(char));/*此数组用于统计输入的0、1序列*/
  printf("霍夫曼编码-----相应字符\n\n");
  for(j=0,ptr=tree;code!='\0'&&ptr->lchild&&ptr->rchild;j=0,ptr=tree){
  for(j=0;code!='\0'&&ptr->lchild&&ptr->rchild;j++,i++){
  if(code=='0'){
  ptr=ptr->lchild;
  char0_1[j]='0';
  }
  if(code=='1'){
  ptr=ptr->rchild;
  char0_1[j]='1';
  }
  }
  if(!ptr->lchild&&!ptr->rchild){
  char0_1[j]='\0';
  for(j=0;char0_1[j]!='\0';j++)
  printf("%c",char0_1[j]);
  printf("\t\t%c\n",ptr->ch);
  }
  if(code=='\0'&&ptr->lchild&&ptr->rchild){
  char0_1[j]='\0';
  printf("没有与最后的几个0、1序列:%s相匹配的字符!\n",char0_1);
  return;
  }
  }
  free(char0_1);
  }
  /*文件*/
  inchange()
  {
  FILE*fp;
  char ch;
  if((fp=fopen("e10_1.c","rt"))==NULL)
  {
  printf("Cannot open file strike any key exit!");
  getch();
  exit(1);
  }
  ch=fgetc(fp);
  while(ch!=EOF)
  {
  putchar(ch);
  ch=fgetc(fp);
  }
  fclose(fp);
  }
  /*释放霍夫曼树所占用的空间*/
  void deletenode(linktree tree)
  {
  linktree ptr=tree;
  if(ptr){
  deletenode(ptr->lchild);
  deletenode(ptr->rchild);
  free(ptr);
  }
  }
  void main()
  {int n;
  char character[MAXLEN],code[MAXLEN];
  FILE*f1;
  linktree temp,ht,htree,ptr=NULL;
  printf("一、编码:\n请输入要测试的字符串:\n\n");
  scanf("%s",character);
  printf("\n");
  temp=tidycharacter(character);
  ht=taxisnode(temp);
  htree=createHftree(ht);
  Huffmancoding(htree);
  printf("二、解码:\n请输入用于解码的0、1序列:\n\n");
  scanf("%s",code);
  printf("\n");
  decode(htree,code);
  deletenode(htree);
  }