英语倒装句是啥?

全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和
一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1)
here,
there,
now,
then,
thus等副词置于句首,
谓语动词常用be,
come,
go,
lie,
run。
there
goes
the
bell.
then
came
the
chairman.
here
is
your
letter.
2)
表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
out
rushed
a
missile
from
under
the
bomber.
ahead
sat
an
old
woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
here
he
comes.
away
they
went.
倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,
does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1)
句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no,
not,
never,
seldom,
little,
hardly,
at
no
time,
in
no
way,
not
until…
等。
never
have
i
seen
such
a
performance.
nowhere
will
you
find
the
answer
to
this
question.
not
until
the
child
fell
asleep
did
the
mother
leave
the
room.
当not
until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
注意：
如否定词不在句首不倒装。
i
have
never
seen
such
a
performance.
the
mother
didn't
leave
the
room
until
the
child
fell
asleep.
典型例题
1)
why
can't
i
smoke
here?
at
no
time___
in
the
meeting-room
a.
is
smoking
permitted
b.
smoking
is
permitted
c.
smoking
is
it
permitted
d.
does
smoking
permit
答案a.
这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。
这些否定词包括no,
little,
hardly,
seldom,
never,
not
only,
not
until等。本题的正常语序是
smoking
is
permitted
in
the
meeting-room
at
no
time.
2）
not
until
the
early
years
of
the
19th
century
___
what
heat
is.
a.
man
did
know
b.
man
know
c.
didn't
man
know
d.
did
man
know
答案d.
看到not
until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在c，d
中选一个。
改写为正常语序为，man
did
not
know
what
heat
is
until
the
early
years
of
the
19th.
现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如
not
only…but
also,
hardly/scarcely…when,
no
sooner…
than
not
only
did
he
refuse
the
gift,
he
also
severely
criticized
the
sender.
hardly
had
she
gone
out
when
a
student
came
to
visit
her.
no
sooner
had
she
gone
out
than
a
student
came
to
visit
her.
典型例题
no
sooner___
than
it
began
to
rain
heavily.
a.
the
game
began
b.
has
the
game
begun
c.
did
the
game
begin
d.
had
the
game
begun
答案d.
以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。

倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。
倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete
Inversion