推荐回答(1个)
鼎盛时期的绵竹年画作坊主要分布于绵竹城区及西南农村,风格也各异。如清道作坊偏重彩色清水大袍;遵道作坊偏重美人,娃娃戏,故事类;城区年画作品则重拓片、杂条、斗方、案子或兼门画。
绵竹年画分红货、黑货两大类。红货指彩绘年画,包括门画、斗方、画条。其中门画制作手法多样,有大毛、二毛、三毛等大小之分,贴大门、厅门、房门、灶门之用;画条分中堂、条屏、横推、单条等,供厅堂、居室、走廊及牲畜圈等张贴之用。黑货,是指以烟墨或朱砂拓印的木版拓片,多为山水、花鸟、神像及名人字画,此类以中堂、条屏居多。
绵竹年画内容广泛,避邪迎祥、历史人物、戏曲故事、民俗民风、名人字画、花鸟虫鱼等,按制作方法分为“捶墨”、“落墨”和“填色”三大类。
“捶墨”:即木板拓片(总称黑货),内容多为民俗和名人字画,神话传说等。
落墨:以水墨为主,色彩淡雅,近似国画小写,内容多为神像和各种戏曲故事。
“填色”(总称红货),按繁简可分七种,有明历明挂、色金、印金、花金、常行、水墨及填水脚。其中尤以明历明挂的绘制最为工整细腻,色彩也异常艳丽多彩。至于填水脚,用色单纯,寥寥数笔,挖主写意,却十分生动传神。
门神是绵竹传统年画的主要品种。从规格看,有大毛、二毛、三毛之分(毛是绵竹年画专用粉笺纸的开张)。
所谓大毛,就是整张粉笺纸上作画,大多绘秦琼,尉迟公等武将,飞称武门神。将其贴于大门之上,意在御凶求安,护卫家宅。
二毛,即张贴于二门的文门神,其画稍小于前者,此类多系求福、求喜、求富贵的内容。
贴于寝室门或灶屋门的三毛,画幅小于二毛,大多为仕女、娃娃题材,如观花美人、八宝童子等。
此外还有一种属于稀有的落地门神,它是一种与大门一样大小的特大门神。这类门神常见于旧时代大户人家的庞大龙门之上,内容多为武将。最有趣的是《耗子嫁女》、《三猴烫猪》、《狗咬财神》、《看官盗壶》等汉族民间传说。
绵竹年画题材内容非常丰富,有深受民众爱戴的历史人物、英勇的武士、娟秀的美人、快乐的儿童以及祥瑞的动物花果等。斗方,多是讽刺寓意的独版小品,是一种汉族民间讽刺画。如《老鼠嫁女》、《三猴烫猪》等。杂条,多是参照汉族民间传说,以及孝道、福寿文化内容,戏曲和文学作品中最动人的情节刻绘成人物画。也有汉族民间风采的花鸟画。如《二十四孝图》、《百寿图》、《西游记》等。横推,一般是表现人物众多的大场面的横幅画卷,如《迎春图》、 《百子图》等。
从形式看,绵竹年画分为斗方、横披、中堂、条屏等,似同国画分幅相近但却别具一格。绵竹年画的斗方,并非文人戏笔,而是《老鼠娶亲》、《三猴烫猪》等讽谕性独幅小品。绵竹年画的横披,一般是表现人物众多的大场面的《文姬归汉》、《迎春图》等。
绵竹年画条屏有四条屏、八条屏、十二条屏之分。内容多表现情节曲折的历史故事、神话传说一类,如《三国演义》、《百寿图》、《二十四孝》等。
绵竹年画的中堂均是表现吉祥内容,如《麻姑献寿》、《紫微高照》等。随着人们的审美情趣的变化,又创作出了一大批具有时代特色符合现代人们审美情趣的各式各样的新年画。同时装裱形式和内容等都做了改革和创新。

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