海洋约占地球表面积的71%,是一个远未完全开发的巨大化学资源宝库,海水水资源的利用和海水化学资源的利

2025-03-15 02:01:43
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)①因蒸馏法进行海水淡化需要不断进行加热,成本较大; ②考虑其他形式的能量的运用,如太阳能、风能;
(2)因CH 2 =CH-COONa生成聚丙烯酸钠是加聚反应:nCH 2 =CH-COONa
催化剂





(3)①粗盐的杂质有Ca 2+ 、Mg 2+ 、SO 4 2- 、泥砂,加过量氢氧化钡除去硫酸根,再加入过量碳酸钠除去钡镁离子过虑再加盐酸最后蒸发结晶得到较纯净的氯化钠晶体,蒸发水分,原来溶在水的盐就会结晶出来,因溴易挥发,溶液中通入空气、水蒸汽可以使溴挥发出来;
②反应①为电解饱和食盐水:2NaCl+2H 2 O
 电解 
.
 
2NaOH+Cl 2 ↑+H 2
反应②为氯气氧化溴离子:Cl 2 +2Br - =Br 2 +2Cl -           
反应③为Br 2 氧化SO 2 :SO 2 +Br 2 +2H 2 O=2HBr+H 2 SO 4
③SO 2 的物质的量
896000L
22.4l/mol
=40000mol,SO 2 中S由+4价变为+6价,一个SO 2 转移2个电子,故共转移80000mol电子,
(4)起初有溴最终也有溴,所以这一步为溴的富集;
故答案为:(1)①消耗大量的能量,成本太高   ②利用风能或太阳
(2)nCH 2 =CH-COONa
催化剂





(3)①溶解,过滤,蒸发结晶;吹出溴蒸气
 ②2Cl - +2H 2 O
 电解 
.
 
2OH - +Cl 2 ↑+H 2 ↑;Cl 2 +2Br - =Br 2 +2Cl - ;SO 2 +Br 2 +2H 2 O=4H + +2Br - +SO 4 2-
 ③80000
(4)富集溴单质

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