克伦生葡萄适合冷棚种植吗
我是河北省的,请问冷棚种植克伦生葡萄合适吗
推荐回答(2个)
克伦生葡萄是晚熟葡萄,冷棚可以种植,但不一定适合市场,费用高,提早时间短,赶上中熟品种上市,竞争力小,还是早熟品种有竞争力。
可以冷棚种植,冷棚葡萄种植技术
一、棚室的建造
冷棚是在蔬菜拱形塑料大棚的基础上设计修建,因不需增温设施,故称冷棚。冷棚的宽度按地块条件和栽植形式确定,一般为8米~12米,也有15米~20米的棚,长度按地块条件及需要来确定,一般80米~120米,也有200米~300米长的。冷棚用水泥柱为支撑,用钢丝线(或木杆)为梁,以10厘米~15厘米粗的竹杆和竹披为拱架,梁与拱架之间加8厘米~10厘米长木方为缓冲垫,顶膜使用大连产紫光膜,用尼龙绳为压线。棚向以南北向为佳,南侧设有进出口。
二、品种的选择及栽种的形式
适合保护地栽植葡萄的品种很多,李官镇主要以里扎马特为主,也有巨峰、京亚、红提、无核白鸡心、贵妃玫瑰、红旗特早玫瑰、维多利亚、奥古斯特等等。选择的原则应以早、中熟为主,和错季上市为辅,尽量选择粒大、味甜、色好、风味独特及抗病、抗逆性强和产品耐储运的品种。 青龙山葡萄园
栽植形式以3~4米小棚架为主,也有中间小棚架两边篱架、中间篱架两边小棚架等形式,栽植密度以55厘米~70厘米一个蔓较为适宜。
扣棚地段选好后,要先挖定植沟,装秸秆和农肥、化肥回填后,在5月1日前后栽植,管理方法同露地栽植。要强化管理,当年要长到1.5米以上,且要保证枝蔓成熟,芽眼饱满,确保扣棚后的产量。
近几年,由于冷棚葡萄价格高、效益好,也有的农民把露地常规生产的葡萄直接扣棚,转入保护地生产,效益也很好。
三、温湿度控制
葡萄的冷棚种植,一般在10月初修剪下架,11月末培土防寒,12月中旬扣棚,2月20日前后棚内开始撤防寒土(这时植株已顺利度过休眠期),撤土要根据棚内土壤解冻情况和棚外温度分层逐步进行,撤土后要加盖防寒物和支小地拱。萌芽时温度控制15~25℃之间,花前温度控制在22~28℃之间,花期温度控制在28~30℃之间,座果后要控制在25~33℃,控制方法就是卷膜放风,当气温稳定在18~20℃时可全天卷膜。上架后葡萄畦面要覆盖地膜增温保湿,同时要注意保持地温与棚温的同步。
棚内空气相对湿度:萌芽期应达到70%,花前应达到80%,花期应达到60%,座果后应达到80%左右。
四、枝蔓和花果管理
冷棚种植的葡萄枝条容易徒长、较细弱,花芽分化的质量有差异,所以枝蔓管理要及时到位,抹芽、定枝、摘心、去副梢、除须、引缚都要一环接一环,环环相扣。当能判断和确认果穗时,就应定枝,要留够结果枝,留足营养枝,留好预备枝,每平方米架面要有8~10个新梢,结果枝与营养枝的比例为1∶2,要通过整枝、定枝,使枝条在主蔓上均匀、对称排列。
花前叶面要喷布植物营养剂和调节剂,一般选用磷钾动力、海绿素、PBO、碧护等,座果后要进行果穗整形和疏粒,整形主要是摘穗尖,要按产量指标定穗重来确定穗数,按质量标准定粒重来确定粒数。座果后要不间断地进行疏粒,及时把特小粒、畸形、病虫粒去掉。生理座果后进行果实套袋。
五、肥水管理
在施足采收后下架前的基肥(有机肥)的基础条件下,要重视花前肥(氮肥为主),要追好座果肥(氮、磷、钙、钾),要巧施膨果肥(翠姆磷、钾为主),补充好叶面肥(钙和微量元素),施肥量要根据土壤状况、植株生长指标的需求来确定。
在灌足封冻水的基础上,萌芽前要灌一次透水,以后要根据土壤状况和植株生长需求浇好花前水,灌好座果水,膨果后灌一次着色水,要用常温水和温度高的深井水,有条件的采用蓄热式灌水,因冷棚葡萄成熟期在雨季,采前一般不灌水。
六、病虫害防治
葡萄冷棚种植要注意防治由高温、高湿和通风不良造成的病害,冷棚里主要病害有灰霉病、霜霉病、炭疽病等病害,蓟马、盲蝽、螨类等虫害,在综合防治措施的基础上,要打好光杆药石硫合剂,以后要根据病害规律和发生的状况进行预防和治疗,控制病害,消灭虫害。
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