孔子主张的是仁,何以为仁?
历史上有人能够称为仁人麽?
推荐回答(4个)
孔子并没有从概念上说明仁是什么,也没有给仁下过定义,因为仁本来就不是一个概念,而是人的存在本质。仁并非“是什么”,而是“要如何”,是一种存在状态,表现为目的性的过程,所谓“本质”,是在过程中存在的。因此,孔子只是在不同情境与场合下说明仁的重要以及如何实现仁,却从不说仁是什么。但他明确肯定,仁不在别处,就在每个人的心理,在自己的身体之内,仁就是人之所以为人的内在德性。 自孟子以后直到宋儒,都主张前者(主流意识),即认为仁是心理情感、心之全德。但也有人从外部的社会“角色”论仁的。这里还有情与性、理的关系问题,不能细论,但其主流传统是主张情理统一的,即认为仁既有情感内容,又有理性形式,是情感与理性的统一。 今人对仁的解释,似有不同见解。冯友兰先生认为,仁就是人的“真情实感”,即心理情感,他也说过,仁是“心之全德”,还说过仁是“人的自觉”,强调其“觉解”的意义。有些论者认为,仁是社会伦理,或人与人之间的伦理原则。李泽厚先生明确指出,仁是“心理情感”,更是“心理本体”,他公开“反对本世纪的反心理主义” 仁的实质是“爱”,其实现方法是“忠恕”。“恕”者“己所不欲,勿施于人”,是从否定方面说;“忠”者“己欲立而立人,己欲达而达人”,是从肯定方面说。这都是从如何实现仁的方法上说的。这个方法就是从自己开始,由己及人,由己推人,由内到外,及于他人。我与人不是“自我”与“他者”的关系,而是我与同我一样的人的关系,这就是所谓“移情”。其根本意义是,对他人的尊重,对他人的人格尊严的尊重。“仁者爱人”,对人的尊重和同情、关心是仁的根本内容,孔子就是从人际间性论仁的。 所谓仁人,古代有仁与知,仁与礼,孝与忠恕,仁与生态等说,具体何谓仁人,那应该是看其道德修养了,我在这边也不敢妄下评论。希望能帮的到你,呵呵。
仁的概念,孔子以前就有,春秋前期人们把尊亲敬长、爱及民众,忠于君主和仪文美德都称为仁。孔子继承了前人的观念,并且把它发展成为系统的仁说。
什么是仁?孔子在《论语》提到仁有一百余处,涵义甚广,但其基本涵义有二:一是爱人。他的弟子樊迟问孔子什么是仁,孔子问答说:"爱人"。《说文》有个解释:"仁,亲也,从二人",甚合孔子思想。仁,就是人与人的关系,要友善相亲,相互帮助。爱有差等。按孟子的说法是:"亲亲而仁民,仁民而爱物"。是先爱自己的亲,然后普及到民,再推广到物;是先已后人,先内后外,既有次第又有厚薄。这是一种从人"自然本性"出发的"仁爱差别"。 以仁义治国的有传说中的三皇五帝,其中突出的是尧舜禹时期,西周有周文王、周武王,周公旦摄政时期,汉朝的汉文帝、汉景帝、汉宣帝刘询、汉光武帝,三国蜀汉刘备以仁治国,东晋元帝司马睿和王导,南北朝中的南朝宋文帝刘义隆代表、北朝孝文帝拓拔元宏为代表,隋唐有隋文帝唐太宗、唐玄宗、唐文宗李昂,北宋太祖、太宗、仁宗赵祯,辽太宗耶律德光为代表,金世宗完颜雍为代表,元以世祖忽必烈为代表,明朝以思宗朱由检,清朝康熙、雍正、乾隆
仁义乃强国之道如古人范仲淹:先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐当代的邱少光为了党和人民,忍受着常人难以想象的痛苦而被烈火活活烧死等等如此类的人很多
古仁人云 先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐文景帝尧舜禹范仲淹戚继光岳飞辛弃疾文天祥.........很多的
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