初中英语状语

英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。 　　状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。　　状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。 　　副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。 　　1.副词一般在句子中做状语．　　He speaks English very well. 他英语说得非常好.　　He is playing under the tree.中的under the tree(地点状语)　　2. 不定式在句子中可以作目的状语。　　I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.　　3.介词短语　　My parents often tell us about their bitter life in the past.　　Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.　　The boy was praised for his bravery. 　　4.从句作状语　　When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dalian.　　If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.　　5.分词作状语　　Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。　　Inhibited in one direction, it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.

在学习状语从句时,主要任务是弄清楚引导各种状语从句的连词的用法。现就主要考查点简述如下:

1.引导时间状语从句的连词

主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as等。其中when?while和as都可表示"当……时候",但用法有区别:

①when意为"在……时;当……时",可表示"点时间"或"段时间",从句谓语可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词。例如:

When I got home, he was having supper.

②as意为"边……边……"或"与……同时",重在表示两个动作同时发生。伴随进行。as从句是终止性动词时,主句通常也必须是终止性动词。例如:

They sang as they danced.

③while只可表示"段时间",从句谓语只限于延续性动词。例如:

While I was sleeping, my father came in.

注:从句谓语是持续性动词时,when、while和as可以互换?主?从句谓语都是终止性动词时,when与as可互换?从句谓语表示状态时,通常用while。

2.引导原因状语从句的连词

原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导?注意as,because,since和for的区别:

①如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如:

I missed the train because I got up late.

注:对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。

②如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since、since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如:

As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.

Since this method doesn't work, let's try another.

③for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。例如:

I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.

3.引导结果状语从句的连词

主要有so/such…that…,so that等。

1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换。例如:

She is so short that she can't reach the buttons of the lift. =She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.

2)so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为"结果是;以致于"。例如:

They missed the bus so that they were late for class.

注:so that也可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。例如:

He got up early so that he could get to school on time. =He got up early to get to school on time. =In order to get to school on time,he got up early. 4 回答者： 仙

状语从句的时态特点

一般情况下，时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”，用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如：

I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。（这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时，表示一般将来时，决不可用will arrive）

As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作，就回家。（从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished，表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished）

If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了，请通知我。（从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时，决不可用will come back）
状语从句可分为：时间状语从句
地点状语从句
原因状语从句
条件状语从句
目的结果状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句