如图
最左侧支路两端电压:
U1 = 6 - 2i1 (V)
左侧第二个支路消耗的电流 i2:
i2 = U1/2Ω = 3 - i1 (A)
所以,流向 RL 所在支路的电流 iL:
iL = i1 + 4i1 - i2 = 5i1 - (3-i1) = 6i1 - 3(A)
又电阻 RL 两端的电压 uL :
uL = U1 + 2i1 - 4*iL = (6 - 2i1) + 2i1 - 4(6i1 - 3) = 18 - 24i1
所以,电阻 RL 消耗的功率为:
P = uL * iL
= (18 - 24i1)*(6i1 - 3)
= 6(3 - 4i1) * 3(2i1 - 1)
= 18 * (3 - 4i1)(2i1 - 1)
= 18 * [-8(i1)² + 10i1 - 3]
= 18 * 8 * [ -(i1)² + 2 * (5/8)i1 - 3/8)]
= 144 * [-(i1)² + 2*(5/8)i1 - (5/8)² + (5/8)² - 3/8]
= 144 * [-(i1 - 5/8)² + 1/64]
可见,当 i1 = 5/8 A 时,P 达到最大值:Pmax = 144 * (1/64) = 9/4 (W)
此时:
RL = uL/iL = [18 - 24*(5/8)]/[6*(5/8) - 3] = 3/[15/4 - 3] = 4Ω