我国著名化学家侯德榜发明的“联合制碱法”的反应原理用化学方程式可简要表示为:NH 3 +CO 2 +H 2 O═NH

2025-03-15 03:52:12
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)由NH 3 +CO 2 +H 2 O═NH 4 HCO 3 可知是多种物质反应生成一种物质,则属于化合反应,由NH 4 HCO 3 +NaCl═NaHCO 3 +NH 4 Cl可知是化合物与化合物相互交换成分生成化合物与化合物,则属于复分解反应,由2NaHCO 3
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Na 2 CO 3 +H 2 O+CO 2 ↑可知是一种物质反应生成多种物质,则属于分解反应,即以上反应不涉及置换反应,纯碱的化学式为Na 2 CO 3 ,是由金属阳离子和酸根离子构成的,则属于盐,故答案为:置换反应;盐;
(2)由以上三个反应可知,水和二氧化碳等物质可以循环使用,制取纯碱时同时生成NH 4 Cl,NH 4 Cl是一种氮肥,而2NaHCO 3
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Na 2 CO 3 +H 2 O+CO 2 ↑反应是需要加热的,故选AB;
(3)因增大反应物的接触面积可以加快反应速率,则反应中加入的磨细的食盐粉,能使其充分反应且反应速率加快,故答案为:加快反应速度,并使食盐反应充分;
(4)根据溶解度曲线可知,氯化铵的溶解度受温度影响大,降低温度溶解度变小,且变化趋势大,而氯化钠的溶解度受温度影响不大,降低温度时,溶解度变化很小,则氯化铵与剩余氯化钠的混合溶液降温,氯化铵晶体大量析出,故答案为:氯化铵溶解度受温度影响比氯化钠大.

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