求1套高中物理选修3-4简谐运动的单元试题
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推荐回答(4个)
简谐运动和图象练习题 一、选择题 1.一质点作简谐运动,其位移x与时间t关系曲线如图1所示,由图1可知 [ ] A.质点振动的频率是4Hz B.质点振动的振幅是2cm C.在t=3s时,质点的速度为最大 D.在t=4s时,质点所受的合外力为零 2.弹簧振子做简谐运动的图线如图2所示,在t1至t2这段时间内 [ ] A.振子的速度方向和加速度方向都不变 B.振子的速度方向和加速度方向都改变 C.振子的速度方向改变,加速度方向不变 D.振子的速度方向不变,加速度方向改变 3.摆长为L的单摆做简谐运动,若从某时刻开始计时(取作t=0), [ ] 4.如图4所示,做简谐运动的质点,表示加速度与位移的关系的图线是 [ ] 5.如图5所示,下述说法正确的是 [ ] A.第2s末加速度为正,最大速度为0 B.第3s末加速度为0,速度为正最大 C.第4s内加速度不断增大 D.第4s内速度不断增大 6.一质点作简谐运动,图象如图6所示,在0.2s到0.3s这段时间内质点的运动情况是 [ ] A.沿负方向运动,且速度不断增大 B.沿负方向运动的位移不断增大 C.沿正方向运动,且速度不断增大 D.沿正方向的加速度不断减小 二、填空题 7.图7(a)为单摆的振动图象,图7(b)为单摆简谐运动的实际振动图示,试在(b)图中标出t时刻摆球所在的位置___________ . 8 .如图8所示,是一个质点的振动图像,根据图像回答下列各问: (1)振动的振幅__________. (2)振动的频率____________. (3)在t=0.1s、0.3s、0.5s、0.7s时质点的振动方向; (4)质点速度首次具有最大负值的时刻和位置;_____________. (5)质点运动的加速度首次具有最大负值的时刻和位置;________. 9.一个做简谐运动的质点,先后以相同的动量通过a、b两点历时0.1s,再经过0.1s质点第二次(反向)通过b点。若质点在这0.2s内经过的路程是8cm,则此简谐运动的周期为_______s,振幅为________ cm。 10.光滑水平面上水平放置一弹簧AB,A端固定,B端受到1N的拉力时弹簧伸长5cm。现在在B点系一个质量为100g的小球,并使弹簧伸长10cm,放手后让其做简谐运动。它的振幅是_________cm,振动中加速度的最大值是__________m/s2。 三、计算题 11.如图9所示为水平放置的两个弹簧振子a和b的振动图象.已知两个振子质量比ma∶mb=2∶3,弹簧的劲度系数ka∶kb=3∶2.求:(1)它们的振幅之比Aa∶Ab;(2)它们的振动周期比Ta∶Tb;(3)它们的最大加速度之比aa∶ab. 简谐运动的图象练习题答案 一、选择题 1.BC 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.ABC 6.CD、 二、填空题 7. c点 8.(1)5cm,(2) 1.25H2 , (3)正、负、负、正方向 (4)0.4s,平衡位置 (5)0.2s,最大位移处 9.0.4,4, 10.10,20 三、计算题 11.2∶1,2∶3,9∶2
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