亚硫酸钠离子浓度关系,怎么比较?亚硫酸氢钠又怎么比较?详解,谢谢

2025-03-23 21:11:45
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

Na2SO3
因貌似HSO3-水解产生OH-和电离产生H+会中和..
于是应该有下列方程组([A]表示某物质浓度)
[H+][HSO3-]/[H2SO3]=1.23×10^-2
[H+][SO32-]/[HSO3-]=5.6×10^-8
[H+][OH-]=10^-14
[H+]+0.5=[OH-]+[HSO3-]+2[SO32-](电荷守恒)
[H2SO3]+[HSO3-]+[SO32-]=0.5 (物料守恒)
解得到得到[H+]=2.6×10^-5,[OH-]=3.8*10^-10,[HSO3-]=5.1*10,[SO32-]=1.1×10^-3
于是c(Na+)>c(HSO3-)>c(SO32-)>c(H+)>c(OH-)
这种问题高中标准分析做不起...主要是高中思路不完备,所以一般不出(因为按照高中想法,很容易得到H+>SO32-)

NaHSO3
首先,溶液显酸性,H+>OH-,且OH-认为是最少的
其次,NaHSO3=Na+ + HSO3^-
HSO3^- =可逆= H+ + SO3^2-,即第二步电离,可逆
HSO3^- + H2O =可逆= H2SO3 + OH-,即第二步水解,可逆
同时,电离程度略大于水解程度,所以溶液显酸性
另外,还存在H2O的电离,H2O =可逆= H+ + OH-
由于HSO3^-既有电离的,也有水解的,所以,Na+>HSO3^-
由于HSO3^-的电离和水解程度都是比较小的,所以,Na+>HSO3^->H+>OH-
由于,H+来自两步反应,HSO3^-的电离和H2O的电离,所以比SO3^2-要多
因此,Na+>HSO3^->H+>SO3^2->OH-

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