一、分析句子成分可以从以下几步入手:
第一步:找出句子中的谓语动词,
第二步:确定谁或什么执行了谓语动词的行为,找出主语
第三步:确定有没有谓语动词所涉及到的对象,找出宾语或表语
第四步:确定句中哪些词语是谓语动词发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果或程度等状语
第五步:确定名词前后是否有定语去除所有的附加成分,找出定语
二、实例分析步骤
1)A knock at the door prevented me from answering his question.
【谓语动词】prevented
【行为者】A knock ——主语
【行为对象】me at the door ——宾语
【状语】from answering his question ——处所状语(即“从回答他的问题中[妨碍了我]”)
【定语】at the door ——修饰 knock(即“在门上的敲击声”)
翻译:敲门声中断了我回答他的问题。
注:prevent sb. from 是一个常用的固定搭配,意思是“阻止/妨碍某人做某事”
2)The widespread application of new and more complex products will give rise to side-effects.
【谓语动词】will give ——可以跟双宾语的给予动词
【行为者】The widespread application of new and more complex products ——主语
【行为对象】rise to side-effects —— rise 是间接宾语,side-effects 直接宾语
【定语】The widespread of new and more complex products
—前置定语:the widespread(即“广泛的应用”)
—后置定语:of new and more complex products(即“新而且更复杂产品的应用”)
翻译:新而且更复杂产品的广泛的应用会引起副作用。
注:give rise to 是固定搭配,意思是“引起…/发生…”
3)An intelligence test will allow us to predict the level of a student.
【谓语动词】will allow
【行为者】An intelligence test ——主语
【行为对象】us to predict the level of a student ——复合宾语
—宾语:us
—宾语补足语:to predict the level of a student
翻译:智力测验会为我们预测学生水平提供可能性(直译:智力测验将允许我们预测学生水平)
4)The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents.
【谓语动词】reminds
【行为者】The sight of the orphan
【行为对象】me
【状语】always / of her parents
— 频度状语:always /
— 方面状语:of her parents
翻译:看到那个孤儿总要使我们想到她的父母。
注:remined sb. of 是固定搭配,意思是“提醒某人…/使某人想起…”
5)In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed.
【谓语动词】went
【行为者】I ——主语
【状语】in this mood / to diplomatic circles / earnest but only sketchingly informed
— 方式状语:in this mood
— 处所状语:to diplomatic circles
— 伴随状语:earnest but only sketchingly informed
翻译:我以这种心情到了外交界,态度认真只是见识有限。
1 主语 A knock 地点状语 at the door 谓语 prevented 宾语me宾补from answering his question.
2.主语 The widespread application of new and more complex products 谓语 will give
宾语rise 介宾结构to side-effects
3.主语 An intelligence test 谓语 will allow 宾语 us 宾补to predict the level of a student
4.主语The sight of the orphan 谓语reminds 简直宾语 me 直接宾语her parents
5.状语In this mood 主语I 谓语went 补语to diplomatic circles 主语补语 earnest but only sketchingly informed.
1)A knock at the door 主 prevented谓 me 间宾from (answering his question直宾