令x = tanθ,dx = sec²θ dθ∫ x³/√(1 + x²) dx= ∫ tan³θ/|secθ| * (sec²θ dθ)= ∫ sin³θ/cos⁴θ dθ= ∫ tan²θ * secθtanθ dθ= ∫ (sec²θ - 1) d(secθ)= (1/3)sec³θ - secθ + C= (1/3)[√(1 + x²)]³ - √(1 + x²) + C= (1/3)(x² - 2)√(1 + x²) + C