为什么商鞅在孝公死后被杀了,他当时得罪了哪些人?

2025-03-26 11:51:43
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

商鞅,约公元前三百九十五年出生,是卫国国君之后,复姓公孙,因而又被称之为卫鞅、公孙鞅,是战国时期著名的改革家、政治家。

公元前三世纪初,秦国连年征战,国力大损,而此时东边的魏国却经过吴起等人的富国强军之法日益强大,那一支由吴起建立起来的魏武卒更是成为了无敌的代名词。在惨败之后,秦孝公被迫割包括函谷天险在内的数百里秦东大地求和,一时之间,秦国上下抬不起头。正式商鞅的出现,使得六国从卑秦到了惧秦,一再击溃魏国大军,重夺河西三百里大地。

可是,在秦惠文王即位之后,商鞅却被逼反叛,随后身死族灭。对此,大家对商鞅的死众说纷纭,有的人觉得是商鞅不得民心,有的人觉得是商鞅做事太过,而小编认为,他是得罪了四个人,使得他的结局早已注定!


商鞅得罪的四个人之老世族甘龙、杜挚

在历史上的变法,总是会得罪一批保守、顽固的守旧派大臣,而商鞅变法中,守旧派便是以甘龙、杜挚为首。

他们是秦国老世族的代表,在秦国兵败割秦东求和之时,便做出了巨大的牺牲,所以在后来的变法之中,秦孝公念及旧情,并没有赶尽杀绝,可就是这一批人,一直反对新法,又怂恿太子嬴驷以身试法,致使后来的两类人与商鞅反目,使得商鞅走上了末路。


商鞅得罪的四个人之公子嬴虔

嬴虔,秦献公庶子,孝公嬴渠梁的哥哥,他是秦国战神,曾经出任秦国上将军、太子太傅,他的一生对秦孝公嬴渠梁的一切主张都是支持的,包括支持新法,在孝公死后,惠文王年幼之时,正是他的坚决护法,才保住了商鞅所行之新法。

他的一生大致划分为四个时期:

第一个是担任秦国秦国上将军时期,这个阶段的他,为了保卫秦国和刚刚即位的弟弟嬴渠梁,为国征战,殚精竭虑。

第二个是出任太子太傅时期,在这个时期,他为了支持弟弟和商鞅的变法,主动交出大权,退居幕后,为变法保驾护航。

第三个是被劓刑后的时期,在太子犯法后,太子嬴驷的两位老师代替受刑,嬴虔出于对新法的支持愿意受刑,但是又不愿被劓刑,于是苦苦哀求商鞅愿以其它刑罚代替,可是商鞅并不答应。于是,他的精神开始变异,怨恨商鞅,怨恨新法,但是又不愿毁掉自己弟弟耗尽心血的新法,最后选择了闭门谢客,从此在人前消失了二十年。

第四个是孝公死后,执秦王剑代侄监国的时期,在这个时期里,他为了复仇,与甘龙杜挚一起陷害了商鞅,但又不愿毁去新法。最后,仅仅是逼迫商鞅自杀,随后灭了商鞅满门就收手继续推行新法了。


商鞅得罪的四个人之孝公太子、惠文王嬴驷

嬴驷,秦孝公嫡长子,在孝公死后即位为秦公。即位之初,因为商鞅在自己做太子的时候惩处了自己和老师,一直怀恨在心,而当时商鞅在百姓心目中又是十分的敬重,惠文王对商鞅多有顾虑,而监国的公子嬴虔和一群老世族不谋而合——陷害商鞅。

恰好此时惠文王又想收回商鞅之权,以巩固王权,于是惠文王便以安抚世族的名义将商鞅逼迫而死。


商鞅正是因为得罪了老世族甘龙杜挚,实权人物公子嬴虔,太子嬴驷这四个人,在他们及手下势力的合作之下,这一位作为成功使得边陲弱秦走向大秦帝国的“变法”第一人——商鞅,最后落得个如此下场,实在是使人唏嘘。

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