请问这些文言文是什么意思?出自哪本书?

2025-04-05 14:45:48
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

“仁远乎哉我欲仁则斯仁至矣”出自《论语·述而》,应读作:“仁远乎哉?我欲仁,斯仁至矣。”意思是:“仁这东西很遥远吗?我内心想到仁,仁就自然来到了”。

语出《幼学琼林·身体》,应读成“笑人齿缺,曰‘狗窦大开’。”大意是:笑人家牙齿缺了,(那嘴)象个狗洞大开着。这个故事选自《世说新语·排调》。晋朝张玄之八岁了还没有牙齿,先达讥笑他说,你的嘴怎么大开狗洞呢?他马上回答说,正为了你从这儿出入的呀!意在夸耀他回答得好,实为庸俗无聊。

上九潜龙勿用”出自《易经·韩卦》,由“初九潜龙勿用”和“上九亢龙有悔”二句爻辞杂糅而成。“初九潜龙勿用”意思是“君子应韬光隐晦以待时机”;“上龙亢龙有悔”意思是“人应以亢满为戒,注意物极必反的道理。”
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“厥土下上上错厥贡苞茅橘柚”摘自中国古代典藉文献中最艰涩难懂的《尚书》中的《禹贡》篇,原文不在一起,而是由“厥土惟涂泥”;“厥赋下上(上)错”;“厥贡……厥包橘、柚,锡贡”和“厥名包匦、青茅”诸句拼合而成。意思是“天下土地(共分九等),下上为下等里最上的一级,好坏交错;那进贡的物品里有茅草、橘柚等物品。”我们可以如下断句:“厥土:下上、上错;厥贡:苞茅、橘柚。”
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“铁如意,指挥倜傥,一坐皆惊呢﹏﹏ ”;金叵罗,颠倒淋漓噫,千杯未醉嗬﹏﹏”出自清人刘翰的《李克用置酒三垂岗赋》引文中的声浪号表声音起伏,持续不断“噫”、“嗬”指念书时加在句尾用来加强感情的声音,意思是:拿着铁如意,指挥比划,潇洒自如。用金杯喝酒,痛快淋漓,喝得很多而未醉。不过引用句子和原文略有出入:“铁如意”原作“玉如意”;“颠倒”原作“倾倒”。从这里,我们可以看到寿镜吾先生自甘淡泊的情感。他如醉如痴的情态是那么投入,以致读错了字词也浑然不觉不以为意;从内容上看,诵读而入醉的不是什么所谓情致高雅的正宗诗文,倒是那种充满狂放情致的近代诗赋。从这里,我们可以深刻地感受到寿镜吾先生潜心从事蒙学教育,远离官场仕途,自甘淡泊的正直的知识分子的清白品格。同时,对照课文,寿先生“不常用戒尺”,“不常有罚跪的规则”,连孔子的牌位也没有,也从侧面反映了他的宽厚和蔼和开明,反映了他在某种程度上表现出的对“正统”的封建教育的怠慢和疏离。也折射着作者鲁迅先生对封建教育制度的认识、批判和情感。

回答2:

1.〔“仁远乎哉我欲仁斯仁至矣”〕应读作:“仁远乎哉?我欲仁,斯仁至矣。”引自《论语·述而》,意思是:“仁这东西很遥远吗?我想得到仁,这仁就来了。”是宣扬孔子哲学思想“仁”的。

2.〔“笑人齿缺曰狗窦大开”〕应读作:“笑人齿缺,曰‘狗窦大开’。”引自《幼学琼林·身体》。原文是“笑人齿缺,胡为狗窦大开。”意思是:“笑人家牙齿缺了,(那口)像个狗洞大开着。”

3.〔“上九潜龙勿用”〕引自《易经·乾卦》。“上九”原文是“初九”,“潜龙勿用”即所谓“龙德而隐者也”。意思是说,恶势力强大时,才高德重的“好人”就要隐居起来,暂时不出去做官,以免被害。

4.〔“厥土下上上错厥贡苞茅橘柚”〕摘自《尚书·禹贡》。原文不在一处,是学生因不懂而胡乱拼凑到一处的。意思是,那个地方的土地,(分为九等,上上为第一等,下上为下等里的最上一级),好坏交错;那进贡的东西,有祭祀专用的一捆捆的茅草,还有橘、柚这类水果。应读作“厥土:下上、上错。厥贡:苞茅、橘柚”。
5..〔“铁如意,指挥倜傥,一座皆惊呢﹏﹏;金叵罗,颠倒淋漓噫,千杯未醉嗬﹏﹏……”〕出自清代武进人刘翰的《李克用置酒三垂冈赋》,文载清人王先谦所编《清嘉集初编》卷五。李克用为晚唐沙陀人,因参与镇压黄巢起义有功而官封晋王。他为了争夺地盘,扩大势力范围,与另一地方军阀、农民起义的叛徒朱温连年攻战不停。三垂冈一名三垂山,在今山西潞城县西。李克用曾因一次对梁战争的胜利在此置酒庆贺。刘翰赋写的就是这次宴会的盛况。“金叵箩”是一种敞口的浅杯,那形制也许同现今戏曲舞台上用作道具的长方形酒卮相仿佛。鲁迅先生所引刘翰赋中的“金叵箩”一词也应作如是观,否则与下文“千杯未醉”四字便难以缀连榫合。

回答3:

我只知道第三句出自易经。

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