生物碱显色剂多数由浓硫酸中加入其他化学试剂组成,配制步骤和注意事项是什么?
推荐回答(1个)
常用生物碱显色剂
(1)改良碘化铋钾(Dragendorff)试剂 ①碱式硝酸铋0.85g溶于10ml冰醋酸与40ml水中;②碘化钾0.8g溶于20ml水中。试液①与试液②等量混合置棕色瓶内保存作贮备液。用前将1ml贮备液、2ml冰醋酸与10ml水混合。用于生物碱与某些含氮化合物,显橙红色。
(2)碘-碘化钾(Wagner) 碘1g与碘化钾10g溶于50ml水(微温),加2ml乙酸,加水至100ml。用于生物碱,显棕褐色。
(3)碘铂酸 5ml 15%氯化铂溶液加45ml 10%碘化钾溶液,用水稀释至100ml。用于生物碱,不同生物碱显不同颜色。
(4)碘铂酸钾 10%六氯铂酸溶液3ml与97ml水混合,加100ml 6%碘化钾溶液,混匀。新鲜配制。用于生物碱与其他有机含氮化合物,不同生物碱显不同颜色。
(5)Ehrlich ①10%对二甲氨基苯甲醛盐酸溶液与丙酮按1:4混合。②对二甲氨基苯甲醛1g,溶于100ml 96%乙醇中。用于吲哚类,有时喷后要加热。
(6)硫酸高铈铵 1%本品的85%磷酸溶液。用于吲哚类,长春花生物碱显各种颜色。
(7)对二甲氨基苯甲醛-硫酸 65ml浓硫酸与35ml水混合,放冷后加对二甲氨基苯甲醛125mg,再加入5%三氯化铁溶液0.05ml。本试液可保存一周。用于麦角生物碱。
(8)肉桂醛-盐酸 肉桂醛5ml、乙醇95ml和5ml 36%盐酸混合,新鲜配制。用于吲哚类衍生物。
(9)呫吨氢醇 0.1g本品溶于90ml乙醇中,加10ml 36%的盐酸,用前新鲜配制。用于色氨酸及其他吲哚类生物碱。
(10)氯化铁-过氯酸 0.5mol/L三氯化铁溶液1ml与35%过氯酸溶液50ml混合。用于吲哚类生物碱。
(11)三氯化铁-碘 三氯化铁5g、碘2g溶于50ml丙酮与50ml 20%酒石酸的混合液中。用于黄嘌呤生物碱类,不同生物碱显不同颜色。
(12)硫酸铈-硫酸(改良Sonnenschein试剂) 硫酸铈0.1g混悬于4ml水中,加1g三氯乙酸,加热煮沸,放冷,逐滴加入浓硫酸直至浑浊消失。用于生物碱、含碘有机化合物的显色,喷后110℃烤几分钟,不同生物碱显不同颜色。
(13)硫氰酸钴(Ⅱ)试液 硫氰酸铵3g、氯化钴1g溶于20ml水中。用于生物碱,伯、仲、叔胺类。
(14)碘化汞钾(Meyer)试剂 1.36g氯化汞和5g碘化钾各溶于20ml水中,混合后加水稀释至100ml即可。
(15)硅钨酸(Bertrand)试剂 5g硅钨酸溶于100ml水中,加盐酸少量调至pH=2左右。
(16)苦味酸试剂 1g苦味酸溶于100ml水中。
(17)鞣酸试剂 鞣酸1g加乙醇1ml溶解后再加水至10ml。
(18)4-甲基伞形酮 0.02g本品溶于35ml乙醇,加水至100ml。用于含氮杂环化合物。
(19)硫酸铜-联苯胺 ①0.3g硫酸铜溶于100ml水-乙醇(5:4)的混合液中;②0.1%联苯胺的50%乙醇溶液。用时先喷试液①,于60℃干燥后再喷试液②。用于吡啶单羧酸的显色。
(20)氯化铜 0.5%氯化铜溶液。用于肟类。
(21)硝普钠-铁氰化物 10%氢氧化钠溶液、10%硝普钠溶液、10%铁氰化钾溶液和水按(1:1:1:3)混合,冰箱内保存(可保存数周),使用前取适量与等体积丙酮混合。用于氯基氰、胍、肌酸、肌酸酐、脲和硫脲及其衍生物的显色。
(22)硝普钠-过氧化氢 5%硝普钠溶液2ml、10%氢氧化钠1ml与5ml 3%过氧化氢溶液混合后,加15ml水。冰箱可保存数日。用于胍、尿素、硫脲及其衍生物、肌酸和肌酸酐的检测。
(23)三氯化锑试剂 25g三氯化锑溶于75g氯仿中成饱和溶液。用于秋水仙生物碱类。
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