美国 [United States]正式名称美利坚合众国。
北美洲联邦共和国。领土包括美洲大陆中纬度地区48个连成一片的州、北美洲西北端的阿拉斯加州，以及太平洋中部的岛州夏威夷。面积：(包括五大湖)9,529,063平方千米。人口：约286,067,000(2001)。首都：华盛顿特区。人口包括白人、非洲裔美国人、西班牙裔美国人、亚洲人、太平洋岛民、美洲印第安人(美洲土著)、爱斯基摩人及阿留申人。语言：英语(主要语言)、西班牙语。宗教：新教、天主教、犹太教和伊斯兰教。货币：美元。地形由山脉、平原、低地和沙漠构成。山脉包括阿巴拉契亚山脉、欧扎克山、落基山脉、喀斯喀特山脉和内华达山脉。最低点是加利福尼亚州的死谷。最高点是阿拉斯加山脉的麦金利山，而在美国本土，最高点则是惠特尼山。主要河流是密西西比河系、科罗拉多河、哥伦比亚河和格兰德河。五大湖、大盐湖和奥基乔比湖为几个最大的湖。美国是世界某些矿产的主要生产国，包括铜、银、锌、金、煤、石油和天然气；也是食品的主要输出国。制造业包括钢铁产品、化学制品、电子产品和纺织品。其他重要行业为旅游业、奶制品业、畜牧业、渔业和木材加工业。美国是两院制共和国。总统为国家元首和政府首脑。数千年以前已有一些美洲印第安人定居在这块领土，他们可能是来自亚洲。16世纪欧洲人来此探险和定居，开始取代印第安人。第一个欧洲人永久居民点是由西班牙人于1565年在佛罗里达州建立的圣奥古斯丁，后来英国人在弗吉尼亚州詹姆斯敦(1607)、马萨诸塞州普里茅斯(1620)、马里兰州(1634)和宾夕法尼亚州(1681)建立定居点。在卡罗来纳被授予英国贵族一年后，1664年英国人从荷兰人手中夺走纽约、新泽西和德拉瓦。英国人于1763年击败法国人(参阅法英北美殖民地争夺战[French and Indian War])，在政治上控制了13个殖民地。英国殖民政策引起的政治动乱，以美国独立战争(1775～1783)和《独立宣言》(1776)而告结束。美国在《邦联条例》(1781)下首次组织起来，终于通过宪法(1787)成为联邦共和国。随后确认了西至密西西比河的美国疆界，但并不包括西班牙的属地佛罗里达。通过1803年的路易斯安那购地，美国从法国人手中购得的土地使美国领土几乎增加一倍。美国在1812年战争中与英国开战，1819年从西班牙人手中夺得佛罗里达。1830年通过立法手段将美洲印第安人迁移到密西西比河以西的土地。19世纪中叶开始向西部扩张，特别是1848年在加利福尼亚州发现金矿以后(参阅淘金热[gold rush])。美国在墨西哥战争(1846～1848)中取得的胜利，使后来的7个州(包括加利福尼亚和得克萨斯)的部分或全部领土并入美国。1846年美国与英国签订条约确立其西北部疆界，在1853年加兹登购地中又获得亚利桑那州南部的土地。后来南方蓄奴的种植园经济和北方自由的工业与农业经济之间存在的矛盾冲突使美国分裂，爆发了南北战争(1861～1865，参阅美国南北战争[American Civil War])。第十三条宪法修正案废除了奴隶制。重建时期(1865～1877)以后，美国经历了快速发展、都市化、工业开发和欧洲移民。1877年美国准许把印第安人保留地的土地分给个别部落成员，致使大片土地落入白人手中。到19世纪末，美国的外贸得到发展并获得海外领土，包括阿拉斯加、中途岛、夏威夷群岛、菲律宾群岛、波多黎各、关岛、威克岛、美属萨摩亚、巴拿马运河区和维尔京群岛。1917～1918年美国参加了第一次世界大战。1920年给予妇女选举权；1924年给予美洲印第安人公民权。1929年的股市崩溃导致大萧条。日本人偷袭珍珠港(1941-12-07)之后美国加入第二次世界大战。美国在日本广岛投下第一颗原子弹(1945-08-06)，在长崎投下第二颗原子弹(1945-08-09)，导致这场战争结束，并使美国成为西方世界的领袖。美国参与了欧洲和日本的战后重建工作，但却陷入与苏联长达40年的冷战对抗。美国参加了朝鲜战争。1952年给予波多黎各自治地位。1954年宣布在美国学校中实行的种族隔离违反了美国宪法。1959年阿拉斯加和夏威夷成为美国的两个州。1964年国会通过《民权法》，并授权全面干预越南战争。20世纪60年代中至末期美国国内各地发生骚乱，包括种族暴乱和反战示威。1969年美国完成首次人类登陆月球。1973年美军全部撤出越南。在波斯湾战争(1991)中，美国领导联军攻打伊拉克。1992年派兵到索马里救援饥民。1995年和1999年加入北大西洋公约组织空袭前南斯拉夫的塞尔维亚军队。1998年W.J.克林顿总统成为第二个要被美国众议院弹劾的总统；1999年他被参议院宣布无罪。1999年巴拿马运河的管理移交给了巴拿马。2000年G.W.布什成为1888年以来尽管获得的选票略低于对手A.戈尔，但仍被总统选举团选为总统的第一人。2001年9月11日恐怖分子的攻击摧毁了世界贸易中心和五角大楼的部分建筑以后，美国以藏匿并拒绝引渡此次恐怖活动的策划嫌疑本·拉登为由，派兵向阿富汗的塔利班政府发动进攻。
United States
officially United States of America
Federal republic, North America.
It comprises 48 contiguous states occupying the mid-continent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean. Area, including the U.S. share of the Great Lakes: 3,675,031 sq mi (9,518,287 sq km). Population (2002 est.): 287,602,000. Capital: Washington, D.C. The population includes people of European and Middle Eastern ancestry, African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, American Indians (Native Americans), and Alaska Natives. Languages: English (predominant), Spanish. Religions: Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Judaism, Islam. Currency: U.S. dollar. The country's regions encompass mountains, plains, lowlands, and deserts. Mountain ranges include the Appalachians, Ozarks, Rockies, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada. The lowest point is Death Valley, Calif. The highest point is Alaska's Mount McKinley; within the coterminous U.S. it is Mount Whitney, Calif. Chief rivers are the Mississippi system, the Colorado, the Columbia, and the Rio Grande. The Great Lakes, the Great Salt Lake, and Lake Okeechobee are the largest lakes. The U.S. is among the world's leading producers of several minerals, including copper, silver, zinc, gold, coal, petroleum, and natural gas; it is the chief exporter of food. Its manufactures include iron and steel, chemicals, electronic equipment, and textiles. Other important industries are tourism, dairying, livestock raising, fishing, and lumbering. The U.S. is a republic with two legislative houses; its head of state and government is the president. The territory was originally inhabited for several thousand years by numerous American Indian peoples who had probably emigrated from Asia. European exploration and settlement from the 16th century began displacement of the Indians. The first permanent European settlement, by the Spanish, was at Saint Augustine, Fla., in 1565; the British settled Jamestown, Va. (1607); Plymouth, Mass. (1620); Maryland (1634); and Pennsylvania (1681). The British took New York, New Jersey, and Delaware from the Dutch in 1664, a year after the Carolinas had been granted to British noblemen. The British defeat of the French in 1763 (see French and Indian War) assured British political control over its 13 colonies. Political unrest caused by British colonial policy culminated in the American Revolution (1775–83) and the Declaration of Independence (1776). The U.S. was first organized under the Articles of Confederation (1781), then finally under the Constitution (1787) as a federal republic. Boundaries extended west to the Mississippi River, excluding Spanish Florida. Land acquired from France by the Louisiana Purchase (1803) nearly doubled the country's territory. The U.S. fought the War of 1812 against the British and acquired Florida from Spain in 1819. In 1830 it legalized removal of American Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River. Settlement expanded into the Far West in the mid-19th century, especially after the discovery of gold in California in 1848 (see gold rush). Victory in the Mexican War (1846–48) brought the territory of seven more future states (including California and Texas) into U.S. hands. The northwestern boundary was established by treaty with Great Britain in 1846. The U.S. acquired southern Arizona by the Gadsden Purchase (1853). It suffered disunity during the conflict between the slavery-based plantation economy in the South and the free industrial and agricultural economy in the North, culminating in the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery under the 13th Amendment. After Reconstruction (1865–77) the U.S. experienced rapid growth, urbanization, industrial development, and European immigration. In 1877 it authorized allotment of American Indian reservation land to individual tribesmen, resulting in widespread loss of land to whites. By the end of the 19th century, it had developed foreign trade and acquired outlying territories, including Alaska, Midway Island, the Hawaiian Islands, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, and the Virgin Islands. The U.S. participated in World War I in 1917–18. It granted suffrage to women in 1920 and citizenship to American Indians in 1924. The stock market crash of 1929 led to the Great Depression. The U.S. entered World War II after the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941). The explosion by the U.S. of an atomic bomb on Hiroshima (Aug. 6, 1945) and another on Nagasaki (Aug. 9, 1945), Japan, brought about Japan's surrender. Thereafter the U.S. was the military and economic leader of the Western world. In the first decade after the war, it aided the reconstruction of Europe and Japan and became embroiled in a rivalry with the Soviet Union known as the Cold War. It participated in the Korean War from 1950 to 1953. In 1952 it granted autonomous commonwealth status to Puerto Rico. Racial segregation in schools was declared unconstitutional in 1954. Alaska and Hawaii were made states in 1959. In 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act and authorized U.S. entry into the Vietnam War. The mid-to late 1960s were marked by widespread civil disorder, including race riots and antiwar demonstrations. The U.S. accomplished the first manned lunar landing in 1969. All U.S. troops were withdrawn from Vietnam in 1973. The U.S. led a coalition of forces against Iraq in the First Persian Gulf War (1991), sent troops to Somalia (1992) to aid starving populations, and participated in NATO air strikes against Serbian forces in the former Yugoslavia in 1995 and 1999. In 1998 Pres. Bill Clinton became only the second president to be impeached by the House of Representatives; he was acquitted by the Senate in 1999. Administration of the Panama Canal was turned over to Panama in 1999. In 2000 George W. Bush became the first person since 1888 to be elected president by the electoral college despite having won fewer popular votes than his opponent, Al Gore. After the September 11 attacks on the U.S. in 2001 destroyed the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon, the U.S. attacked Afghanistan's Taliban government for harbouring and refusing to extradite the mastermind of the terrorism, Osama bin Laden.
美国历史
美国人民是个勇敢而爱好自由的民族. 他们原本来自世界各地, 是许多不同的文化、种族和宗教, 经过长时期的共存结合而形成的, 渐渐他们以身为美国人而自豪.
17世纪以前, 北美广大原野仅有印第安人和爱斯基摩人居住, 但经过百余年的移民, 这里已成为欧洲国家人民的新家园, 而其中最主要为英国人所建立的13州殖民地, 这13州殖民地宣布脱离英国而独立. 几经协商与改革, 联邦体制的美国, 于法国大革命前夕, 正式登上世界舞台. 早期的美国很欢迎外来的移民, 这些移民使她迅速地成长. 美国人口, 在1776 年只有300万人, 而现在则超过2亿. 在人口迅速增加的过程中, 新的生存空间, 也跟着不断开拓, 而方向则由东向西, 拓疆的先驱们不但从事农耕畜牧, 也寻找矿产及其它资源. 到了20世纪,美国不但已成为世界强国, 并且也是科学、技术、医药及军事力量的先进国家.
殖民时期以前(1607以前)
在两万多年前, 有一批来自亚洲的流浪者, 经由北美到中南美洲, 这些人就是印第安人的祖先. 当哥伦布发现新大陆时, 居住在美洲的印第安人, 约有2,000万, 其中有大约100万人住在现在的加拿大和美国中北部, 其余绝大部分住在现在的墨西哥和美国南部. 大约1万年前, 又有另一批亚洲人, 移居到北美北部, 这是后来的爱斯基摩人. 而最早到美洲的白种人大概是维京人, 他们是一群喜好冒险的捕渔人, 有人认为他们在1,000年前,曾到过北美东海岸. 殖民时期(1607～1753) 1607年, 一个约一百人的殖民团体, 在乞沙比克海滩建立了詹姆士镇, 这是英国在北美所建的第一个永久性殖民地. 在以后150年中, 陆续涌来了许多的殖民者, 定居于沿岸地区, 其中大部分来自英国, 也有一部分来自法国、德国、荷兰、爱尔兰和其他国家. 18世纪中叶, 13个英国殖民地逐渐形成, 他们在英国的最高主权下有各自的政府和议会. 这13个殖民区因气候和地理环境的差异, 造成了各地经济形态、政治制度与观念上的差别.
独立运动(1754～1783)
18世纪中叶, 英国在美洲的殖民地与英国之间, 已有了裂痕. 殖民地的扩张, 使他们产生某种自觉, 自觉到英国的迫害, 而萌生独立的念头. 1774年, 来自12州的代表, 聚集在费城, 召开所谓第一次大陆会议, 希望能寻出一条合理的途径, 与英国和平解决问题, 然而英王却坚持殖民地必须无条件臣服于英王, 并接受处分. 1775年, 在麻州点燃战火, 5月, 召开第二次大陆会议, 坚定了战争与独立的决心, 并发表有名的独立宣言, 提出充分的理由来打这场仗, 这也是最后致胜的要素. 1781年, 美军赢得了决定性的胜利, 1783年, 美英签定巴黎条约, 结束了独立战争.
组成新政府(1784～1819)
革命的成功, 使美国人民有了以立法形式表达他们政治观念的机会. 1787年, 在费城举行联邦会议, 会中华盛顿被推为主席, 他们采取一项原则, 即中央的权力是一般性的, 但必须有审慎的规定和说明, 同时, 他们也接受一项事实, 那就是全国性政府必须有税收、铸造货币、调整商业、宣战及缔结条约的权力. 此外, 为了防止中央权力过大, 而采取孟德斯鸠的均权政治学说, 即政府中设置三个平等合作与制衡的部门, 即立法、行 政、司法三种权力相互调和, 制衡而不使任何一权占控制地位.
向西扩张(1820～1849)
19世纪初期, 数以千计的人, 越过阿帕拉契山, 向西移动, 有些开拓者, 移居到美国的边界, 甚至深入属于墨西哥的领地、以及介于阿拉斯加与加利福尼亚的俄勒冈. 开拓者勇敢、勤奋地向西寻求更好的生活.
南北冲突(1850～1869)
引起内战的原因, 不单是经济上、政治上、军事上的问题, 还包括了思想上的冲突. 内战暴露了美国的弱点. 对这个国家的存在, 作了一番考验. 经过了这次考验, 美国才步向一个中央集权化之现代国家的坦途. 南北之间, 为奴隶问题而起争执, 南方在全国政治上的主要方针, 就在保护和扩大"棉花与奴隶"制度所代表的利益；而北部各州, 主要是制造业、商业和 金融的中心, 这些生产无需依赖奴隶, 这种经济上和政治上的冲突都是由来已久的. 1860年代初期, 11个南方的州脱离联邦, 另组政府, 北方则表示, 为了统一将不惜付出任何代价. 1861年, 内战爆发了, 这场美国人面对面的流血战, 打了四年, 南方遭到严重的破坏, 而且留下深深的伤痕. 1865年, 北方战胜了, 这项胜利不但显示美国回复统一, 而且, 从此全国各地不再施行奴隶制度.
工业化与改革(1870～1916)
19世纪初期, 美国开始工业化, 而内战之后, 则步入成熟阶段. 在从内战至第一次世界大战的不到50年时间内, 她从一个农村化的共和国变成了城市化的国家. 机器代替了手工,产品大量增加. 全国性的铁道网, 增进了货品流通. 应大众的需要, 许多新发明应市了. 银行业提供贷款, 促成工商业经营的扩大. 故从1890到1917年的近30年间被称为所谓"进步时期", 1914 年, 世界大战爆发, 1917年,美国终于被卷入大战漩涡中, 并且在世界上尝试扮演新的角色.
世界的新地位(1917～1929)
在战后的10年间, 美国的社会与文化可说是个无生气、无感情, 属于商人阶级的10年. 据1929年统计, 居城 与居乡的比率是56%∶44%, 这时举凡现代生活的特色, 诸如汽车、电话、收音机、洗衣机, 已成为生活的必需品. 战后经济呈现极度的繁荣, 原因有二, 一为政府不再干涉私营企业且有立法保护之, 二为新技术的带 动. 虽然经济成长很快, 但是基础不稳.
不景气时代和第二次世界大战(1930～1959)
经济大恐慌, 影响的不只是美国, 世界各国都受到它的打击, 经济大恐慌, 使上百万的工人失业, 大批的农人被迫放弃耕地, 工厂商店关门, 银行倒闭…… 一片萧条. 1932年, 罗斯福当选总统, 他主张政府应拿出行动来结束经济大恐慌, 新政府虽然解决了许多的困难, 但美国的经济还是要到二次大战, 才苏醒起来. 第二次世界大战之后, 美苏两国, 关系日趋恶化, 分别在军事、政治、经济、宣传各方面, 加紧准备, 一如战时, 这种状态, 被称为"冷战".
1960年以来
美国历史自1960以来, 许多方面仍是战后发展的延续. 经济方面, 除了周期性的不景气, 则仍不断膨胀；从 城市移居到郊区的人口, 继续增加, 1970年, 居郊人口超过了居城人口. 1960年初期, 黑人问题成为美国内部最主要的问题.
1960年代中期, 许多美国人开始不满政府的对外政策. 此外, 由于工业的发展, 人口的集中, 60年代后期, 生态环境的污染广受注意. 70年代初期, 由于能源危机而导致的经济萧条, 是大恐慌以来, 最严重的一次.
70年代中期, 经济一度复苏, 但到70年代未期, 又出现通货膨胀. 1976年, 美国建国200周年, 全国举行各项庆祝活动. 1981年4月12日, 美国成功地发射"哥伦比亚号"航天飞机, 将人类又带入另一个太空新纪元. 1985年, 里根连任总统, 在日新月异的人类发展史中,美国将展开新的一页
History of the United States
People of the United States is a courageous and freedom-loving nation. Them originally from around the world, many different cultural, ethnic and religious, with a long period of coexistence formed gradually they are proud of being Americans.
17 centuries ago, vast numbers of North American Indians and Eskimos wilderness only inhabited, but after more than 100 years of immigration, this place has become the new European peoples homes, of which the most important is the establishment of the British colony of 13 states, 13 states colonial declared independence from Britain. After many consultations and reform, the federal system of the United States, on the eve of the French Revolution, officially on the world's stage. early United States is welcome to immigration, these immigrants made her rapid growth. population of the United States in 1776 in only 3 million people, and now more than 200 million. rapid increase in population in the process, the new living space, but also with continually open up, and direction from east to west, covet the pioneers not only engaged in farming livestock, Find mineral and other resources. to the 20th century, the United States not only has become a world power, and is the scientific, technical, medical and military forces advanced countries.
Before the colonial period (1607 previously)
In more than 20,000 years ago, a group of travelers from Asia through North America to Central America, and these people are Indian ancestors. When Columbus discovered the New World, American Indians living in the Americas, about 20 million, of which approximately 1 million people now live in the central north of Canada and the United States, most of the rest living in the now southern Mexico and the United States. about 1 million years ago, another group of Asians, moved to the northern part of North America, which is later Eskimos people. Americas and the first to the white race is probably Virgin, they are a group of people like fishing adventures, it was suggested that in 1000 before them, have been to the east coast of North America. colonial period (1607 to 1753) 1607 , one of about 100 colonial groups, begging沙比克Beach in the establishment of the James town, which is built by the British in North America's first permanent colony. in the next 150 years, many have come to the colonialists. settlers in the coastal areas, most of them from Britain, but also from the part of France, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and other countries. mid-eighteenth century, the 13 British colonies gradually formed, the highest in the United Kingdom are under the sovereignty of the respective government and Parliament. this 13 colonial district due to climatic and geographic differences in the environment, causing the economy around the shape, the political system and conceptual differences.
Independent Movement (1754 ~ 1783)
18 middle of the 21st century, the British colonies in the Americas and the United Kingdom already exists between the cracks. Colonial expansion, so that they have some kind of conscious and consciously to the British persecution, and the idea of an independent initiation. In 1774, from 12 states representatives gathered in Philadelphia, held the so-called first subcontinent meeting, hoping to find out a reasonable way to a peaceful solution to the problem with the British, but the British, however, insisted that the colonial must unconditionally succumb to the king, and accept the punishment. in 1775, Ma state点燃战火, May, held the second meeting of the subcontinent, the war with the independent firm determination and issued the famous Declaration of Independence, put sufficient reasons to fight this battle, which is also the last winning elements. in 1781, the United States Army won a decisive victory, in 1783, the United States and Britain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the War of Independence.
To form a new government (1784 ~ 1819)
The success of the revolution, so that the American people have to legislate to express their political ideas opportunities. In 1787, the Federal Assembly held in Philadelphia, will be in Washington pushed for the President, they have adopted a principle that the central power of a general nature , but there must be prudent provisions and that at the same time, they also accept the fact that the national government must have revenue, casting currency adjustment business, the declaration of war and the conclusion of the treaty power. Furthermore, in order to prevent excessive power of the central authorities, Montesquieu have taken the right political doctrine that the government set up three equal cooperation with the checks and balances of departments, the legislative, executive and judicial powers of the three mutual conciliation, and not to any checks and balances of power control status.
Westward expansion (1820 ~ 1849)
The early 19th century, thousands of people across the阿帕拉契Hill, westward movement, some of Portland, emigrated to the United States border, or even in-depth belong to the Mexican territory, and between Alaska and the California and Oregon. Blazers brave, diligence and westward in search of a better life.
The North-South conflict (1850 to 1869)
From civil war, is not only economic, political and military issues, including the ideological conflict. Civil war exposed the weaknesses of the United States. Existence of this country, made a test. After this the test, the United States towards a centralized before the modern state of the easy. between North and South, slavery issue起争执, in the south on the main national political policy, in the protection and expansion of "cotton and slaves" represented by the system interests and the northern states, mainly from the manufacturing, commercial and financial center, which need not rely on the slave of production, such economic and political conflicts are long-standing. 1860 the early 1970s, 11 southern states from the Federation, the other group, the North said, in order to reunification will not hesitate to pay any price. in 1861, civil war broke out, the Americans face-to-face bloody warfare, fought four years, the South has been seriously damaged, it left deep scars. in 1865, defeated the North, the victory not only showed that the United States resume reunification, but, from all parts of the country is no longer the purposes of the slave system.
Industrialization and Reform (1870 ~ 1916)
The early 19th century, the United States began industrialization, and after the civil war, then entered a mature stage. From civil war to the First World War in less than 50 hours, she from one of the rural areas into the cities of the Republic of countries . machines to replace manual, products increased significantly. national rail network, enhancing goods circulation. should the needs of the public, many of the city should be a new invention. banks provide loans to facilitate the expansion of business operators. so from 1890 to 1917 in nearly 30 years as the so-called "progressive era" in 1914, the outbreak of World War II, in 1917, the United States finally to be drawn into the vortex of war, and in the world, trying to play new roles.
The new status of the world (1917 ~ 1929)
In the post-war period of 10 years, the United States society and culture can be said is a lethargy, no feelings of belonging to businessman class 10 years. According to 1929 statistics, ranking city and the Habitat Rural rate was 56%: 44%, then ever modern the characteristics of life, such as cars, telephones, radios, washing machines, has become a necessity of life. showed great post-war economic prosperity, there are two reasons, one for the government not to interfere in the private sector and there is legislative protection, the new technology for the lead . although economic growth soon, but a firm foundation.
Depression and the Second World War era (1930 to 1959)
Economic panic, affecting not only the United States, the nations of the world are against it, the economic panic so that millions of unemployed workers, a large number of farmers are forced to give up land, factory shops have closed, bank failures ... a recession. 1932 , Roosevelt was elected president, he maintained that the government should take action to end the economic panic, although the new government has resolved many difficulties, but the United States economy is to the Second World War, only to awake. after the Second World War, United States and Soviet Union the two countries and relations deteriorate, respectively, in the military, political, economic, propaganda and all aspects, to step up preparations, as in times of war, such a state is known as the "Cold War."
1960 has been
History of the United States since 1960, many still regard the continuation of the post-war development. Economy, in addition to cyclical downturn, is still growing; moved to the suburbs from the city's population, continue to increase, in 1970, ranking the rural population of more than Habitat City population. 1960 early black issues become the most important issue within the United States.
The mid-1960s, many Americans dissatisfied with the government's foreign policy. Moreover, as the industry develops, the concentrated population, 60 late 1990s, the ecological environment pollution wide attention. Early 1970s, because of the energy crisis which led to economic depression, since the Great Depression, the most serious one.
The mid-1970s, the economy was recovering, but that the 1970s did not view, there is inflation. In 1976, the United States founding 200 anniversary of the country held various celebration activities. On April 12, 1981, the United States successfully launched the "Columbia" the space shuttle will be another space mankind into a new era. in 1985, President Reagan re-election in the history of human development advances, the United States will start a new chapter
以下是最精炼的美国的历史发展
美国的发展经历了以下几个重要历史时期：
1607年—1733年英属北美殖民地的建立时期；
1774年—1783年独立战争时期
1781年—1814年独立的民族主权国家的建成时期
1814年—1861年南北战争前南北经济、政治、外交政策的不同发展时期
1861年—1877年南北战争及战后重建时期
1877年—1900年19世纪后半叶经济迅速发展时期
1889年—1914年第一次世界大战前的发展时期
1914年—1930年第一次世界大战至20世纪20年代末的美国
1930年—1940年20世纪30年代的美国
1941年—1945年第二次世界大战期间的美国
1945年—现在第二次世界大战后的美国
The USA'S development has experienced following several importanthistorical period:
1607 - 1733 England was the North America colony the establishmenttime;
1774 - 1783 war of independence time
1781 - 1814 the independent nationality sovereign statecompleted the time
1814 - 1861 in front of Civil War north and south economy,political, foreign policy different development time
1861 - 1877 Civil War and postwar reconstruction
1877 - 1900 19th century latter half economy rapid developmenttime
1889 - 1914 in front of First World War development time
1914 - 1930 First World War to 20th century at the end of 20'sUS
1930 - 1940 20th century 30's US
1941 - 1945 Second World War period US
After 1945 - present Second World War US
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