有一个工业投资项目,原始投资200万元,其中固定资产投资150万元,开办费投资10万元,流动资产投资40万元。
推荐回答(3个)
根据题意单位:万元。A.项目计算期=1+10=11年,B.固定资产原值=150+8=158,C.固定资产年折旧=(158-15)/10=14.3,D.开办费分5年摊销年摊销额=10/5=2。
1.建设期与经营期各年的净现金流量。
建设期各年的净现金流量:
NCF0=-(150+10)=-160,NCF1=-40。
经营期各年的净现金流量:
NCF2=5+14.3+2+4=25.3,NCF3=5+2+14.3+2+4=27.3,NCF4=5+2*2+14.3+2+4=29.3,NCF5=5+2*3+14.3+2=27.3,NCF6=5+2*4+14.3+2=29.3,NCF7=5+2*5+14.3=29.3,NCF8=5+2*6+14.3=31.3,NCF9=5+2*7+14.3=33.3,NCF10=5+2*8+14.3=35.3,NCF11=5+2*9+14.3+15+40=92.3。
2.净现值,折现率10%。
NPV=-160*1-40*0.9091+25.3*0.8264+27.3*0.7513+29.3*0.6830+27.3*0.6209+29.3*0.5645+29.3*0.5132+31.3*0.4665+33.3*0.4241+35.3*0.3855+92.3*0.3505=-11.7232。
3.内含报酬率IRR。
经测试:
设定折现率为8%时,净现值NPV=11.5082。
设定折现率为9%时,净现值NPV=-0.6051。
9%-8%=1%采用内插法:
IRR=8%+11.5082/(11.5082+0.6501)*(9%-8%)约=8.95%。
一、净现金流量
在此应注意两点:第一,净现金流量是同一时点(如1999年末)现金流入量与现金流出量之差。第二,净现金流量按投资项目划分为三类:完整工业投资项目的净现金流量、单纯固定资产项目的净现金流量和更新改造项目的净现金流量。NCF(net cash flow)。
以个人日常生活中的情况而言,比如,某月月初共有现金1 200元,本月取得工资收入1 500元,开销生活支出花去800元,购买国债花去1 000元,这样,到月底,还有现金1 200+1 500-800-1 000=900元,当月现金净流量就等于900-1 200=-300元,就是月末比月初净减少了300元的现金。但同时,资产却增加了700元(900+1 000-1 200)。
由于利润表所反映的损益信息的固有限制,比如,实现的利润并不一定已取得现金,仍存在收不到现金而发生坏账的可能性。另外,利润表受人为调节的空间较大。因此,通过编制现金流量表,以提供会计报表使用者更为全面、更为有用、更为真实的信息。
二、净现值
净现值指未来资金(现金)流入(收入)现值与未来资金(现金)流出(支出)现值的差额,是项目评估中净现值法的基本指标。未来的资金流入与资金流出均按预计折现率各个时期的现值系数换算为现值后,再确定其净现值。这种预计折现率是按企业的最低的投资收益率来确定的,是企业投资可以接受的最低界限。
单位:万元
依题意:
A. 项目计算期=1+10=11年
B. 固定资产原值=150+8=158
C. 固定资产年折旧=(158-15)/10=14.3
D. 开办费分5年摊销年摊销额=10/5=2
1. 建设期与经营期各年的净现金流量
建设期各年的净现金流量:
NCF0=-(150+10)= -160
NCF1= - 40
经营期各年的净现金流量:
NCF2=5+14.3+2+4 =25.3
NCF3=5+2+14.3+2+4 =27.3
NCF4=5+2*2+14.3+2+4=29.3
NCF5=5+2*3+14.3+2 =27.3
NCF6=5+2*4+14.3+2 =29.3
NCF7=5+2*5+14.3 =29.3
NCF8=5+2*6+14.3 =31.3
NCF9=5+2*7+14.3 =33.3
NCF10=5+2*8+14.3 =35.3
NCF11=5+2*9+14.3+15+40 =92.3
2. 净现值,折现率10%:
NPV= - 160*1-40*0.9091+25.3*0.8264+27.3*0.7513+29.3*0.6830+27.3*0.6209+29.3*0.5645
+29.3*0.5132+31.3*0.4665+33.3*0.4241+35.3*0.3855+92.3*0.3505= -11.7232
3. 内含报酬率IRR:
经测试:
设定折现率为8%时,净现值NPV= 11.5082
设定折现率为9%时,净现值NPV= - 0.6051
9%-8%=1%<5%,8%采用内插法:
IRR=8%+11.5082/(11.5082+0.6501)*(9%-8%)约=8.95%
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