推荐回答(4个)
1、强夯法适用于处理碎石土、杂填土、素填土、砂土、粉土,低饱和度的粘性土、非自重湿陷性黄土及黄河冲积成因的饱和粉土与粘土互层等地基。可采用强夯置换法处理饱和软粘土、淤泥质土等地基。
2、强夯地基处理应根据所加固地基土质类型、周边环境条件、建筑物荷载压力、基础形式等提出如下技术要求:①夯后地基承载力特征值;②有效加固深度;③夯后地基土压缩模量;④处理范围;⑤夯后地基均匀性及加固效果检测方法、数量等
3、当强夯施工振动对邻近建筑物、仪器设备以及施工中的工程结构等产生有害影响时,应对周边环境的影响程度进行评估,明确施工安全距离和防震减振措施。必要时应设置监测点。
4、施工前,应进行试夯或试验性施工。试夯区数量应根据建筑场地的复杂程度、建筑规模及建筑类型确定。试夯区应具有代表性,其面积不宜少于400m2和4X4排夯点。当地质条件和设计要求与已有工程类同时,可参照成熟施工经验施工,不进行专门试夯。
5、当地表土软弱时,宜铺填一定厚度的粗颗粒材料垫层或采用低能量预夯;地下水位高于起夯面以下1.2倍夯锤直径深度时,宜采用人工降低地下水位的措施:对于饱和软粘土宜采用强夯置换法。
(1)在开始进行强夯地基处理之前,需要拟定地基处理方式,参数,技术标准以及质量的要求。
(2)做好强夯施工之后的检验准备工作,确保地基处理工程质量。
(3)布置好监工任务,把控施工流程/时间/质量,确保强夯施工顺利进行。通过累计经验为下一次施工做一个参考。
(4)提前确认至少半个月的天气预报,合理安排规划强夯施工的时间。保证工期。
(5)记录好在地基强夯施工过程中的各项数据。
(6)做好强夯施工之中可能出现的问题并准备防范措施。
1.施工前应进行试夯,选定夯锤重量、底面直径和落距,以便确定最后下沉量及相应的最少夯实遍数和总下沉量等施工参数。试夯的密实度和夯实深度必须到达设计要求。
2.基坑的夯实范围应大于基础底面。开挖时,基坑每边比设计宽度加宽不宜小于0.3米,以便于夯实工作的进行,基坑边坡适度放缓。夯实前,基坑底面应高出设计标高,预留土层的厚度可为试夯时的总下沉量加50至100毫米。夯实完毕,将基坑表面拍实至设计标高。
3.做好施工过程中的监测和记录工作,包括检查夯锤重和落距,对夯点放线进行复查,检查夯坑位置,按要求检查每个夯点的夯击次数、每夯的夯沉量等,对各项施工参数、施工过程实施情况做好详细记录,作为质量控制的依据。 强夯地基施工
在实际的强夯设计与施工中,主要的技术要求是锤重和落距、夯击遍数、夯击能、夯点间距以及加固影响深度。
1、锤重和落距
锤重和落距是影响夯击能和加固深度的重要因素;锤重一般为8t—40t,落距不小于8m。
2、夯击能和平均夯击能
锤重和落距的乘积称为夯击能,一般取600—5000KJ,单击夯击能应根据现场确定。夯击能的总和(锤重、落距、夯击坑数和每个夯击点的夯击次数)除以施工面积称为平均夯击能,一般对砂质土取500—1000KN/m2。夯击能过小,加固效果差;夯击能过大,对于饱和粘土,会破坏土体形成橡皮土,降低强度。
3、夯击点布置及间距
夯击点布置可根据基地平面形状进行布置。对某些基础面积较大的建筑物或构造物,便于施工,可按梅花形和正方形布置。对于办公室、住宅建筑等,可根据承重墙位置布置夯点,一般可采用等腰三角形布点,这样保证了横向承重墙及纵墙和横墙交接处墙基下都有夯点。对于工业厂房独立柱基础,可按柱网设置单夯点。夯击点间距一般为夯锤直径的3倍,一般为5—15m,第一遍夯点间距宜大,以便夯击能向深部传递。
4、加固影响深度
加固影响深度与夯锤重、落距、夯击次数、夯底单位压力、地基土性质、不同土层的厚度和埋藏顺序以及地下水位等有密切关系,应根据现场试夯或当地经验确定。
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