求一份莫扎特的英文简介

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791): Brief Biography
Mozart's childhood home
in Salzburg, Austria
Born in Salzburg, Austria, Mozart displayed uncanny musical talent at a very early age; by the time he was five, he was a keyboard virtuoso. Mozart toured Europe as a child, astounding the musical world and charming royal audiences with his improvisational ability. In addition to composing symphonies at a tender age, he wrote his first operas while still a boy: La Finta Semplice, commissioned by the Emperor Josef II; and Bastien und Bastienne, a singspiel (German folk opera with spoken dialogue).

Mozart as a child
In 1777, Mozart journeyed to Paris with his mother to seek a formal position, but he had no luck, and returned home in 1779 after his mother's death. A suitably prestigious position was to elude Mozart all his life, due partly to his complicated personality and tactless, arrogant, often childish behavior. He managed to secure a job as court organist in Salzburg, an appointment he held for two years prior to the triumphant premiere of Idomeneo. This opera seria-a highly formalized type of dramatic opera which was becoming outmoded in Mozart's day‹it is considered one of the greatest examples of the genre. Its success led Mozart to take up residence in Vienna.

The break with Salzburg marked the beginning of Mozart's maturity as a composer; nearly every work he produced thereafter is a masterpiece. In 1782, he wrote Die Entfuhrung auf dem Serail (The Abduction from the Seraglio), a charming comic opera which paved the way for Le Nozze di Figaro. A tremendous success at its premiere in 1786, Figaro was based on a satirical comedy by the French dramatist Beaumarchais. Unparalleled in its depth of characterization and synthesis of music and drama, Mozart's work contains some of the most sublime ensemble writing in all opera.

Following the success of Figaro, Mozart again collaborated with librettist Lorenzo da Ponte, this time on a work which explored the dark side of traditional comedy; Don Giovanni (1787), an opera of enormous power and eloquence, depicts the exploits and eventual punishment of an
Mozart's home in Vienna
inveterate womanizer. Cosi fan Tutte (1790) found Mozart working with da Ponte for the last time. In this comedic study of human frailty are found some of the composer's most empathetic and realistic characters.

Mozart's last great opera, Die Zauberflote (The Magic Flute), written in 1791, is a singspiel with a libretto by impresario Emanuel Schikaneder. Beneath the simple, fairy-tale plot is a message of love, truth, and brotherhood set to music of profound spirituality and majesty. Flute was also a seminal work in the development of German music theater, which hardly existed, according to Richard Wagner, prior to the opera's premiere.

During Mozart's Vienna days, he composed a series of masterpieces in genres other than opera: his most famous piano concerti (no. 17 in G major, no. 20 in D minor, and no. 21 in C major, among others); the remarkable last symphonies (nos. 35-41); a number of superb piano sonatas; ten of his
Mozart's wife, Constanze
most beautiful string quartets; the clarinet concerto; the Mass in C Minor; La Clemenza di Tito, another opera seria; and the unfinished Requiem Mass.

Mozart earned a living for himself and his wife, Constanze, through teaching, concertizing, and the fulfillment of occasional commissions from wealthy aristocrats, but the couple did not manage their money wisely, and was often heavily in debt. Mozart died penniless of unknown causes on December 5, 1791, and was buried in an anonymous pauper's grave.

Mozart's compositions rank among the greatest of all time. They are unsurpassed in beauty, wit, and technical mastery, and they express the full range of human emotions. Recent interest has centered around the composer's enigmatic life and personality as well as his music, exemplified in the great popularity of Peter Shaffer's Amadeus on stage and film.

Many of us know about Mozart through the movie AMADEUS and the excitement generated by the bicentennary of his death in 1991. Now that Mozart-mania has died down somewhat, it is healthy to view Mozart's legacy in properperspective.

Left: The little Wonderboy, Mozart.

Born in Salzburg (today part of Austria), the boy Mozart was instantly recognized as a wunderkind. A musical child prodigy, he began learning the piano at the age of four and played it brilliantly by six. He was brought by his musician-teacher-father Leopold on a grand tour of Europe's musical capitals and had been to Vienna, Paris, London and Italy by the age of 13. He was shown off (or exhibited, if you prefer) to important dignitaries such as the Pope and Empress Maria Theresa. Naturally gifted, he could read and play musical scores on sight and was capable of writing down the entire score of a complicated work after just hearing it a few times. He also had an exceptional knack at improvisation and was composing original work from the age of six. He wrote his first symphony at the age of eight, his first opera at twelve and conducted twenty performances of that opera at 14.

IN 1771, at the age of 15, Mozart entered an unfortunate phase of his life. He became a court musician and composer for the archbishop of Salzburg. His pay was meagre and his talents were woefully unappreciated by his employer. Right: Detail from a portrait of Mozart wearing the insignia of the Knight of the Golden Spur, conferred on him in 1770. He looks pretty stressed-out already. Image courtesy of Joe Moreno's The Mozart Experience. Failed attempts at finding better work at Munich and Paris led him back to Salzburg, where his conservative and unsupportive father encouraged him to remain. The archbishop did not permit him to give public concerts or to play at the homes of the nobility, effectively preventing him from finding a better-paying and more open-minded patron. Frustrated at the restrictions placed on him, Mozart resigned from the service of the archbishop rather acrimoniously, and headed for the bright lights of Vienna at the age of 25. Initially, Mozart had a good time in Vienna, moving with the jet set, and was highly popular as a pianist and composer. He worked as a free-lancer, while trying to attract the attention of the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I. He became the chamber-music composer of the Emperor in 1787, which was prestigious-sounding but paid little and was in reality a minor appointment. For those who had seen the movie AMADEUS, his alleged killer Antonio Salieri was held in higher esteem by Emperor Joseph than the upstart Mozart, but there never really was a plot to kill the playful composer. Despite composing his finest work in the final years of his life, his fortunes waned as the fickle Viennese crowd moved on to other fads. Mozart died a pauper at the age of 35, from a combination of overwork, kidney failure and typhus.

IT IS undeniable that Mozart had great natural talent. It is also undeniable that he had a huge dose of bad luck. Today, his music is hugely popular among both the critics and the public. It has been said that it is impossible to hate Mozart's music. All of his works have a luminous quality to them, and the words elegance and poise come automatically to mind when hearing his music. The output during the Vienna years is both large and astonishingly high in quality. It includes his last three symphonies (Nos. 39 to 41), the famous Clarinet Quintet (K. 581), the popular serenade "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik" (K. 525), the three Prussian String Quartets (Nos. 21 to 23), his last opera "The Magic Flute" (K. 620), and the unfinished Requiem (K. 626). And that's just the tip of the iceberg. Mozart's favourite instrument was the piano, and he is arguably the master of piano concertos. The most famous of them all is No. 21, also known as the "Elvira Madigan", from the title of the film in which it was used in. He wrote 27 altogether, most of which are considered masterpieces. The piano concertos are a good place to get acquainted with Mozart's music, although the symphonies are just as adequate.

Right: Mozart's fortepiano.
Image courtesy of Joe Moreno's The Mozart Experience.

There are countless versions of Piano
Concerto No. 21 to choose from, but the version that is generally considered to be special is by Geza Anda and Camerata Academica on DG Originals, coupled with Nos. 6 and 17 (447 436-2). At mid-price, this disc is a fabulous buy. For those who want even more piano concertos, the Alfred Brendel two-disc set on Philips Duo (442 269-2) comes with Nos. 19, 20, 21, 23, 24 and two concert rondos. The playing is superb and the sound satisfying, and with each disc at budget-price, it is an even better buy than the Anda disc. A good digital version to consider is the one by Andras Schiff and comes with Nos. 20 and 21 (Decca 430 510-2, although it is at full-price. Those who desire a general introduction to the wonder of Mozart can do no better than acquiring a copy of "Basic Mozart", a two-disc collection comprising of the Overture to The Marriage of Figaro, Symphony No. 41, "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik", Violin Concerto No. 5, Horn Concerto No. 4, and Anda's version of Piano Concerto No. 21

"Bologna Mozart" - Mozart age 21 in 1777, see also: face onlyDuring his formative years, Mozart made several European journeys, beginning with an exhibition in 1762 at the Court of the Elector of Bavaria in Munich, then in the same year at the Imperial Court in Vienna and Prague. A long concert tour spanning three and a half years followed, taking him with his father to the courts of Munich, Mannheim, Paris, London (where Wolfgang Amadeus played with the famous Italian cellist Giovanni Battista Cirri), The Hague, again to Paris, and back home via Zürich, Donaueschingen, and Munich. During this trip Mozart met a great number of musicians and acquainted himself with the works of other great composers. A particularly important influence was Johann Christian Bach, who befriended Mozart in London in 1764–65. Bach's work is often taken to be an inspiration for Mozart's music. They again went to Vienna in late 1767 and remained there until December 1768. On this trip Mozart contracted smallpox, and his healing was considered by Leopold as a proof of God's intentions concerning the child.

Many of us know about Mozart through the movie AMADEUS and the excitement generated by the bicentennary of his death in 1991. Now that Mozart-mania has died down somewhat, it is healthy to view Mozart's legacy in properperspective.

Left: The little Wonderboy, Mozart.

Born in Salzburg (today part of Austria), the boy Mozart was instantly recognized as a wunderkind. A musical child prodigy, he began learning the piano at the age of four and played it brilliantly by six. He was brought by his musician-teacher-father Leopold on a grand tour of Europe's musical capitals and had been to Vienna, Paris, London and Italy by the age of 13. He was shown off (or exhibited, if you prefer) to important dignitaries such as the Pope and Empress Maria Theresa. Naturally gifted, he could read and play musical scores on sight and was capable of writing down the entire score of a complicated work after just hearing it a few times. He also had an exceptional knack at improvisation and was composing original work from the age of six. He wrote his first symphony at the age of eight, his first opera at twelve and conducted twenty performances of that opera at 14.

IN 1771, at the age of 15, Mozart entered an unfortunate phase of his life. He became a court musician and composer for the archbishop of Salzburg. His pay was meagre and his talents were woefully unappreciated by his employer. Right: Detail from a portrait of Mozart wearing the insignia of the Knight of the Golden Spur, conferred on him in 1770. He looks pretty stressed-out already. Image courtesy of Joe Moreno's The Mozart Experience. Failed attempts at finding better work at Munich and Paris led him back to Salzburg, where his conservative and unsupportive father encouraged him to remain. The archbishop did not permit him to give public concerts or to play at the homes of the nobility, effectively preventing him from finding a better-paying and more open-minded patron. Frustrated at the restrictions placed on him, Mozart resigned from the service of the archbishop rather acrimoniously, and headed for the bright lights of Vienna at the age of 25. Initially, Mozart had a good time in Vienna, moving with the jet set, and was highly popular as a pianist and composer. He worked as a free-lancer, while trying to attract the attention of the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I. He became the chamber-music composer of the Emperor in 1787, which was prestigious-sounding but paid little and was in reality a minor appointment. For those who had seen the movie AMADEUS, his alleged killer Antonio Salieri was held in higher esteem by Emperor Joseph than the upstart Mozart, but there never really was a plot to kill the playful composer. Despite composing his finest work in the final years of his life, his fortunes waned as the fickle Viennese crowd moved on to other fads. Mozart died a pauper at the age of 35, from a combination of overwork, kidney failure and typhus.

IT IS undeniable that Mozart had great natural talent. It is also undeniable that he had a huge dose of bad luck. Today, his music is hugely popular among both the critics and the public. It has been said that it is impossible to hate Mozart's music. All of his works have a luminous quality to them, and the words elegance and poise come automatically to mind when hearing his music. The output during the Vienna years is both large and astonishingly high in quality. It includes his last three symphonies (Nos. 39 to 41), the famous Clarinet Quintet (K. 581), the popular serenade "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik" (K. 525), the three Prussian String Quartets (Nos. 21 to 23), his last opera "The Magic Flute" (K. 620), and the unfinished Requiem (K. 626). And that's just the tip of the iceberg. Mozart's favourite instrument was the piano, and he is arguably the master of piano concertos. The most famous of them all is No. 21, also known as the "Elvira Madigan", from the title of the film in which it was used in. He wrote 27 altogether, most of which are considered masterpieces. The piano concertos are a good place to get acquainted with Mozart's music, although the symphonies are just as adequate.

Right: Mozart's fortepiano.
Image courtesy of Joe Moreno's The Mozart Experience.

There are countless versions of Piano
Concerto No. 21 to choose from, but the version that is generally considered to be special is by Geza Anda and Camerata Academica on DG Originals, coupled with Nos. 6 and 17 (447 436-2). At mid-price, this disc is a fabulous buy. For those who want even more piano concertos, the Alfred Brendel two-disc set on Philips Duo (442 269-2) comes with Nos. 19, 20, 21, 23, 24 and two concert rondos. The playing is superb and the sound satisfying, and with each disc at budget-price, it is an even better buy than the Anda disc. A good digital version to consider is the one by Andras Schiff and comes with Nos. 20 and 21 (Decca 430 510-2, although it is at full-price. Those who desire a general introduction to the wonder of Mozart can do no better than acquiring a copy of "Basic Mozart", a two-disc collection comprising of the Overture to The Marriage of Figaro, Symphony No. 41, "Eine Kleine Nachtmusik", Violin Concerto No. 5, Horn Concerto No. 4, and Anda's version of Piano Concerto No. 21

翻译：
我们很多人知道莫扎特透过电影莫扎特和兴奋所产生的bicentennary他病逝于1991年。现在莫扎特-躁狂症已经去世下降，这是健康的，以期莫扎特的遗产properperspective 。

左：小wonderboy ，莫扎特。

出生于萨尔茨堡（今日部分奥地利） ，该男童莫扎特是即时确认为神童。音乐神童，他开始学习弹钢琴，在4岁起精辟地，由6位。他被带到他的音乐教师的父亲利奥波德于盛大游览欧洲的音乐剧首都，并已到维也纳，巴黎，伦敦和意大利13岁以下。他表明过（或展示，如果你喜欢）的重要贵宾，如波普和皇后玛丽亚在theresa 。自然天赋的，他可以阅读和发挥乐谱上着眼，能够写下整个评分的一项复杂的工作，经过公正的审讯，它几遍。他也有一个特殊的诀窍，在即兴创作，并组成原工作从6岁。他写道：他的第一交响曲，在八岁那年，他的首歌剧时四十八并进行了第二十一届演出的歌剧认为，在14 。

在1771年，在15岁以下，莫扎特进入一个不幸的阶段了他的命。他成为法院的音乐家和作曲家，为大主教的萨尔斯堡。他的薪水微薄和他的才华远远赞赏他的雇主。右：从详细的肖像莫扎特戴徽章的骑士的黄金和推动，授予他在1770年。他看起来相当强调淘汰了。形象礼貌乔莫雷诺的莫扎特的经验。失败的尝试寻找更好的工作，在慕尼黑和巴黎，促使他回到萨尔茨堡，在那里他的保守，不支持父亲鼓励他留下来。大主教不容许他向公众演唱会或玩家中的贵族，有效地防止了他找到一个更好的高薪，更开放的胸襟和赞助。沮丧在限制他，莫扎特辞职，从服务的主教，而不是acrimoniously ，并为团长的亮点维也纳，在25岁以下。起初，莫扎特有了一个良好的时间在维也纳，移动与射流内容，并极受欢迎作为一个钢琴家和作曲家。他作为一个自由的lancer ，而试图吸引注意的神圣罗马皇帝约瑟夫一，他成为了商会-音乐作曲家的皇帝1787年，这是有威望的冠冕堂皇的，但很少，并在现实中未成年人的任命。对于那些已经看到这部电影莫扎特，他被指控杀手安东尼奥salieri举行了更高的崇敬，由皇帝约瑟夫比暴发户莫扎特，但从来就没有真正是一个阴谋暗杀活泼作曲家。尽管他的创作最优秀的工作，在最后几年他的生活，他的运气减弱为多变的维也纳人群转移到其它潮流。莫扎特死于一处穷人，当时年仅35岁，从一个组合，劳累过度，肾功能衰竭和斑疹伤寒。

不可否认的是，莫扎特，具有重大的自然人才。这也是不可否认的是，他产生了巨大的剂量，自认倒霉。今天，他的音乐是非常流行，无论是批评者和市民。有人曾经说，这是不可能去恨莫扎特的音乐。他的所有作品有一个发光的质量对他们来说，这几个字，优雅和风采，来自动记时，听他的音乐。产量在维也纳多年，是既有大惊呼高品质。它包括他过去三年交响乐（第39至41条） ，著名的单簧管五重奏（ k. 581 ） ，流行小夜曲" eine kleine nachtmusik " （ k. 525 ） ，三普鲁士弦乐四重奏（第21至第23条）他的最后歌剧"魔笛" （ k. 620 ） ，尚未完成的安魂曲（ k. 626 ） 。这仅仅是冰山的一角。莫扎特的喜爱文书的钢琴伴奏下，他可说是大师的钢琴协奏曲。最有名的，他们全部是第21期，也被称作" elvira耻骨后" ，从标题的电影中，它是用于英寸他写道： 27加起来，其中大多数被认为是杰作。学习钢琴协奏曲，是一个好地方，结识莫扎特的音乐，虽然交响乐一样，已经足够。

右：莫扎特的fortepiano 。
形象礼貌乔莫雷诺的莫扎特的经验。

有无数版本的钢琴
协奏曲第21号可供选择，但该版本是普遍被视为特别的是由geza安达和camerata academica对危险品的原件，加上第6条和第17 （ 447436 -2 ） 。在半山报价，这个光盘是一个壮观的购买。对于那些想更首钢琴协奏曲，曹绍伟brendel两盘定于飞利浦铎（ 442269 -2 ）来第19 ，第20 ，第21 ， 23 ， 24和两个音乐会龙多斯。比赛场地是高超和良好满足，并与每个圆盘上的预算价格，但它是一个更美好的购买比安达光盘。一个良好的数字化版本，要考虑的是一个在andras希夫，并且还带有编号20和21 （ decca 430510 -2 ，它虽然是在全价。那些渴望概论奇妙莫扎特可以做的，没有更好比获得一本"的基本莫扎特" ，这是一个两盘收集组成的序曲费加罗的婚礼，交响曲第41号， " eine kleine nachtmusik " ，小提琴协奏曲第5号，圆号协奏曲第4号，安达的版的钢琴协奏曲第21号