测量绝缘吸收比与测量绝缘电阻的方法有什么区别

2025-03-15 09:16:04
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

1、吸收比指的是在同一次试验中,用绝缘摇表或绝缘电阻测试仪,加直流电压时测得60s时的绝缘电阻值与15s时的绝缘电阻值之比。
2、绝缘电阻只反映测量的稳态值,吸收比却能反映测量过程值,测量吸收比的目的是发现绝缘受潮。吸收比除反映绝缘受潮情况外,还能反映整体和局部缺陷,它比单纯测量绝缘电阻更灵敏。
3、有些绝缘物体(如:塑料、瓷等)在直流电压作用下,其电导电流瞬间即可达到稳定值,但对于发电机、变压器、电动机、电缆等电器设备,它们的绝缘是由复合介质构成,在直流电压作用下,会产生多种极化现象。极化开始时电流很大,随着加压时间的增大,电流值下降,绝缘电阻相应增大,这种现象称为吸收现象。
在吸收现象中,衰减最快的电流称为电容电流i1,随时间缓慢变化的电流称为吸收电流i2,最后不随时间变化的稳定电流是由介质的电导所决定的称为电导电流i3。一般设备的容量愈大,这种现象愈明显。由于吸收电流随时间变化,所以在测试绝缘电阻和泄漏电流时要规定时间。
当绝缘受潮或脏污后,泄漏电流中的吸收电流i2增加,吸收现象不明显,吸收比就小。
影响绝缘电阻测量结果的因素主要有温度、湿度和放电时间。由于温度升高使介质极化加剧,致使电导增加、电阻降低,因而绝缘电阻随温度升高而降低。绝缘因表面吸潮或瓷绝缘表面形成水膜会使绝缘电阻显著降低。此外,当绝缘在相对湿度较大时会吸收较多的水分,使电导增加,绝缘电阻降低。测试绝缘电阻相当于在绝缘上施加了直流高压电荷,因而试品被充电,充电电流会随时间而减小,减小的越快,说明绝缘上升的越快,材料的绝缘特性越好。
4、下图中材料1
的绝缘电阻比材料2要好,材料1
的吸收比是900/600=1.5;材料2的吸收比是350/300=1.167,故吸收比越大越好。对测量出绝缘电阻相同或相近的设备,通过吸收比的比对,就能判断出绝缘的变化情况。

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