白居易的《杨柳枝词》中的柳树有什么特点,三四句抒发了作者什么情感?
快点啊!
推荐回答(2个)
一树春风千万枝,嫩于金色软于丝。 永丰西角荒园里,尽日无人属阿谁?
一、二句,写出了柳枝的柔嫩与轻盈。三、四句抒发了作者对于如此妙柳却荒处寂地,无人赏识的悲凉之情。也暗含了自伤,隐喻自己对于当时的朝政环境有些不合时宜。
杨柳枝词
白居易
一树春风千万枝,
嫩于金色软于丝。
永丰西角荒园里,
尽日无人属阿谁?
白居易诗鉴赏
杨柳枝:唐教坊曲名。歌词形式就是七言绝句,此题专用于咏柳。关于这首诗,当时河南尹卢贞有一首和诗,并写了题序说:“永丰坊西南角园中,有垂柳一株,柔条极茂。白尚书曾赋诗,传入乐府,遍流京都。近有诏旨,取两枝植于禁苑。乃知一顾增十倍之价,非虚言也。”永丰坊为唐代东都洛阳坊里名称。
白居易于武宗会昌二年(842 )以刑部尚书致仕后寓居洛阳,直至会昌六年卒;卢贞会昌四年七月为河南尹(治所在洛阳)。白诗写成到传至京都,须一段时间,然后有诏旨下达洛阳,卢贞始作和诗。据此推知,白氏此诗约作于会昌三年至五年之间。移植永丰柳诏下达后,他还写了一首《诏取永丰柳植禁苑感赋》的诗。唐孟《本事诗》说:“白尚书姬人樊素善歌,妓人小蛮善舞,尝为诗曰:‘樱桃樊素口,杨柳小蛮腰。’年既高迈,而小蛮方丰艳,因为杨柳之词( 按即咏永丰柳诗)以托意。”并把教坊歌唱此诗及诏取永丰柳误为宣宗朝诗人死后之事。其说不可靠。
此诗前两句写柳的风姿可爱,后两句抒发感慨,是一首咏物言志的七绝。
诗中写的是春日的垂柳。最能表现垂柳特色的,莫过于它的枝条,此诗亦即于此起笔。首句形象枝条之盛,舞姿之美。“春风千万枝”,是说春风吹拂,千丝万缕的柳枝,随风起舞。一树就有千万枝,可见柳之繁茂。次句极写柳枝之秀色夺目,婀娜多姿。春风和煦,柳枝绽出细叶嫩芽,远远望去一片嫩黄;细长的柳枝,随风飘荡,比丝缕还要柔软。“金色”、“ 丝”,比喻形象,写尽早春新柳又嫩又软之娇态。
此句上承春风,写的仍是风中情景,风中之柳,才更能显出枝条之软。句中叠用两个“于”字,接连比况,更加突出了“软”和“嫩”,而且使节奏轻快流动,与诗中欣喜赞美之情非常协调。这两句把垂柳的勃勃生机,秀色照人,轻盈袅娜,写得极生动。《唐宋诗醇》称此诗“风致翩翩”,颇为肯綮。
这样美好的一株垂柳,理应受到人们的欣赏,为人珍爱;但诗人笔锋一转,写的却是它荒凉冷落的处境。诗于第三句才交代垂柳生长之地,有意给人以突兀之感,在诗意转折处加重特写,以强调垂柳之不得其地。“西角”为背阳阴寒之地,“荒园”表明人迹罕至,生长在这样的场所,垂柳再好,又有谁来欣赏呢?只好终日寂寞了。反过来说,那些不如此柳的俗木凡枝,因为生得其地,却倍受称赞,为人爱惜。
诗人对垂柳表达了深深的不平与惋惜。这里的孤寂落寞,同前两句所写的动人风姿,正好形成鲜明的对比;而对比越是强烈,越是突出了感叹的程度。
这首咏物诗,抒发了对永丰柳的痛惜之情,实际上抒发对当时政治腐败、人才埋没的感慨。白居易生活的时期,由于朋党斗争激烈,不少有才能的人都受到排挤或闲弃。诗人自己,也为避祸全身,自请外放,长期远离京城。此诗所写,亦当含有诗人自己的身世感慨在内。
此诗将咏物和寓意熔于一体,不着一丝痕迹。全诗明白晓畅,有如民歌,加之描写生动传神,当时就“ 遍流京都”。后来苏轼作《洞仙歌》词咏柳,有“ 永丰坊那畔,尽日无人,谁见金丝弄晴昼”之句,化用此诗,读来仍然令人有无限低回之感,足见其艺术力量感人至深了
摘录
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