关系代词
关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。
关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分。that的用法最广,that 可指人也可指物。
关系副词
1.关系副词兼有副词与连接词两种作用。
2.关系副词所引导的形容词子句用于修饰主要子句中的某一名词或代名词,被修饰的词称作先行 词,关系副词要放在先行词之后。
3.关系副词主要有四个,即when, where, why, how。此外the也可作关系副词引导副词子句。
4.关系副词=preposition(介词)+relative pronoun(关系代词)
5.time,day,year,place,house,reason,way等作先行词时可以被省略,其后的子句不再是形容词子句,而变成名词子句或副词子句。
6.关系副词有限定用法,指的是关系副词引导的形容词子句只修饰先行词。
7.关系副词有补述用法,即关系副词引导的是对等子句而不是形容词子句,主要用于对主要子句中的不足之处加以补充,前面都要加逗点与主要子句分开。
8.wherever,whenever,however是复合关系副词,表示"不论",引导一个修饰主要子句里的动词的副词子句,可加强语气或表示让步。
关系代词和关系副词是在定语从句中的.(在句子中做句子成分.关系代词通常做主语或者宾语;whose除外,做定语. 关系副词做状语).不可省略.
先看下面
关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分
在主语从句和表语从句中的,连接词一般包括(连词 ,连接代词,连接副词),可以在句子中句子成分.可做主语,宾语,和状语,并且不可省略..翻译时还不可以翻译为疑问词.
主语从句中的连词有: that .whether.
连接代词有:what.whatever.who .whoever等
连接副词有:when where how why 等.
在表语从句中,连词有:that whether
连接代词有: who which what
连接副词有:when where how why
在不同的从句中,词语的称呼不一样的.可能有相同的,但是作用不一样,意义也不同.
在定语从句中会出现关系代词和关系副词,相关具体解释及用法如下:
(一)引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等,绝对没有what
关系副词有where, when, why等
(二) 关系代词的作用
1.作主语 1. The student who is talking with the monitor is Lucy.(指人作主语)
2. A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.(指物作主语)
2.作表语 3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be.(指人作表语)
3.作宾语 4The student whom (who)you want to see has come already.(指人作宾语)
5.The letter which I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.(指物作宾语)
4.作定语 6.The girl whose mother is a teacher studies very hard.(指人作定语)
注意
1,who, whom, whose
这些词代替指人,whom作宾语指人,who既可作主语又可作宾语。Whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语。
2,that,which
that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从省略。
(三)关系副词的用法:关系副词代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当状语。
1. When指代表示时间的先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当时间状语。例如:
October 1,1949 was the day when(=on which) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
2. Where指代先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当地点状语。例如:
We will visit the house where(=in which)Lu Xun was born.
3. why代替先行词在定语从句中与相应的介词一起充当原因状语.例如:
Who can tell me the reason why(=for which) Tom was absent today?
注意
关系副词: when where why
当先行词是表示时间的名词,用when,在定语从句中充当时间状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:
e.g. I will never forget the day./ I went to university on that day.
I will never forget the day when/ on which I went to university.
当先行词是表示地点的名词,用where,在定语从句中充当地点状语,这时一般可以用介词+which来代替:
e.g. This is the house. / He used to live in the house.
This is the house where/ in which he used to live.
先行词是表示原因的名词,即reason,用why,在定语从句中充当原因状语,这时一般可以用for +which来代替:
e.g. I don’t know the reason. / He did it for this reason.
I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.