求英语口语中和写作中常用的连词 或者连接短语

我自己学习时，总结的，还没有结束，分享给你吧！

1.If only and only if
If only
（1）在if only这个短语中，中心词是从属连接词if, 而副词only只是加强if的语气的，因此，if only仅仅是if的一种强化形式，不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。因此，它同if一样，译为“如果”，也能引出条件状语从句。
Ex：If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.如果他们现在在这里，我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。
（2）if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾，因此，主要用在虚拟语气中，用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为“但愿”、“要是……该多好啊”等。
Ex：If only she could have lived a little longer. 要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！
（3）if only有时也可以写成if…only。
Ex：① If she would only come! 但愿他能来。
② If I only knew! 要是我知道该多好！
（4）if only从句在大多数情况下用作虚拟条件句，但是偶尔也有用在真实条件句的情况。常被译为“只要, 只要...就好” 等。
Ex：He will succeed if only he does his best. 只要他竭尽全力，他就会成功。
Only if
“只有……(才)；只有在……的时候，唯一的条件是……” only if 有时也写成only...if，表示唯一的条件，但是意思不变。
Ex：① I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。
② I will only come home if you come with me. （= I will come home only if you come with me.） 只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。
③Yet they could only get the blood if one of the frightened children would agree to give it. 可以改写成：Yet they could get the blood only if one of the frightened children would agree to give it. 但是，只有这些受惊吓的孩子中有人自愿献血，他们才能够得到血。
If only和Only If的用法区别：
从上面的分析，我们还可以看出if only和only if这两个短语都可以用来引导条件从句，表示主句所需要的“条件”，但是两者有差异，主要表现在说话人的语义意图等方面。
（1） If only引导的条件句，通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望，相当于as long as。它可以独立使用，用来表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气。
Ex：If only I were as clever as you！要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！
（2） Only if 引起的条件状语从句，是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”，表示“只有……(才) ；只有在……的时候；唯一的条件是……”的意思；与if引起的一般条件句相比，它有一种增强主句语势的作用。
Ex：Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时，你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。
2.not only...but also... 不但...而且...
（1）连接两个主语. Not only he but also you are wrong.
（2）连接两个宾语. He is learning not only French but also English.
（3）连接两个表语. She is not only a scientist but also a writer.
（4）连接两个谓语. They not only made a promise, but also kept it.
（5）连接两个状语. I take what you say not only pleasantly but also gratefully.
（6）Not only +倒装语序，but also + 陈述语序
①Not only is Cheryl a good swimmer, but she's also a promising musician and a great photographer.
②Not only did I forget my train ticket, but I also forgot my passport.
③Not only was Ellen there, but Wanda and Dale came too
（7）Not only… but also… 其中also可以省略，例如: They’re not only dirty, but they smell, too! 他们不只是脏，而且他们也很臭.
3.Only that 要不是, 若非
注意与上短语有相近意义的还有如下一些词组:
but that; only for; but for; if not; if not for; if it were no for; had it not been for; were it not for等。
（1）Only that it rains today, I would go. (Subjunctive mood)
（2）I would have failed but that you helped me. 要不是你们帮助我，我就会失败。
（3）But for my brother's help, I would not have finished. 要不是我兄弟的帮助，我是无法完成的。
4.Only by ... Can... 只有...才能...
Only you know of my personality best. 只有你最了解我的个性
Only you can tolerate everything of mine. 因为只有你能包容我的一切
5.Only just 刚刚, 恰好
这个习惯用语表示2个意思：
（1）“刚刚好”，例如：I've only just moved to New York. 我刚刚搬到纽约来。
（2）还可以表示“差一点，几乎没有...”例如：He only just caught the train.他差点就没赶上火车。I've got enough milk for the coffee - but only just.我的牛奶刚刚够喝咖啡用的。
6.Only too 非常; 实在; 太; 可惜
这个习惯用语表示“很，非常”，与very差不多，例如：That's only too true. 我看这事是真的。言外之意就是“说话者但愿这件事不是真的”。再举个例子 I shall be only too pleased to get home.一想到回家我就会很高兴。
7.Only to do something 反而，却，不料竟会..., 没想到会...
用来指随即就要发生的事，尤其指那些让人惊讶，失望，或放心的事情，例如：I got home only to find I'd left all my keys at the office. 我到家了才发现钥匙落在办公室了。
8.Only not 简直是, 跟...差不多
In fact I come here usually, only not leave my post.
9.Before long and Long before
Before long
是“很快，不久以后”的意思, 可以用于各种时态。例如:
（1）I'll see the film before long 我不久就要看这部电影。
（2）Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water. 不久，轰鸣声完全消失了，这只船开始慢悠悠地漂浮在水面上。
（3）Before long the war broke out and he joined the army. 很快战争爆发了，他参军了。
Long before
是“很久以前”的意思。单独使用, 一般用在过去完成时的句子里。
（1）She said she had seen the film long before. 她说她很久以前就看过这部电影。
（2）He joined the army long before the war broke out. 在战争爆发前很久他就参军了。
10.Neither…nor… 既不…也不…
(1)连接两个主语. Neither she nor I have been to Japan．
(2)连接两个宾语. ①He knows neither English nor French. ②The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
(3)连接两个表语. She is neither a scientist nor a writer.
(4)连接两个谓语. They neither made a promise, nor kept it.
(5)连接两个状语. I take what you say neither pleasantly nor gratefully.
(6)neither +倒装语序，nor +倒装语序
当neither/not…nor引导两个分句时，这两个分句中的主谓均要倒装。例如：
　　①Neither do I know her address，nor does he. 我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。
　　②Not could the patient eat，nor could he drink. 那个病人既不能吃，也不能喝。
(7).“Neither/Nor+助动词+主语”，是用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样看法的句型。例如：
①He won’t go, Neither/Nor will I.她不走，我也不。
②I cannot swim. Neither can he (swim). 我不会游泳，他也不会。
11.Either… or… 或者… 或者…
是指有两样东西，只能选择其一。例如：
（1）作主语或连接主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：
①Either of the films is good. 两部电影其中一部好看。
②Either Chris or Joseph will be the winner tonight. Chris 或 Joseph 其中一位将成为今晚的赢家。
（2）作宾语。例如：He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信。
（3）作定语。例如：Either teacher often answers the questions.这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。
12.both．．．and．．．不但…而且…； 既…又…
（1）Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
（2）The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish. 这位秘书不但能讲而且能写西班牙语。
（3）The delegates visited both New York and Boston. 代表们既访问了纽约又访问了波士顿。
13.not a （用于名词前）一个也不；没有
not a breath of air. 一点风也没有
“How much did this cost?” “Not a penny!” “花多少钱买的？”“一分钱没花！”
14.Why not +动词原形 表达向某人提出建议 ...
Why not take a holiday? 干吗不去度假?
15.not at all （对赞美或感谢的回答）别客气，没什么；根本不
Not at all是口语中一个十分常见的表达，由于其实际意思往往与其字面意思相去甚远。现将主要用法归纳如下。
　　(1)用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。如：
——Thank you very much．多谢你了。
——Not at a11. 不客气。
——Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。
——Not at a11. I enjoyed it. 别客气，很高兴能帮你。
——Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。
——Not at a11. Il was the least I could do. 不用谢，这是我应该做的。
　　(2)用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话。意为“没什么；哪里哪里”。如：
——You are very kind．你真好。
——Not at all. 没什么。
——It's very kind of you．你真客气。
——Not at a11. 哪里哪里。
　　(3)用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。如：
——I'm sorry I'm late. 对不起，我迟到了。
——Oh，not at all，do come in. 噢，没关系，请进来。
——I'm sorry to keep you waiting．对不起，让你久等了。
——Oh，not at a11. I've been here only a few minutes．哦，没关系，我也刚到几分钟。
　　(4)用来表示否定(是No的加强说法)，意为“一点也不：完全不”。如：
——Are you busy? 你忙吗?
——Not at a11. 一点不忙。
——Is it difficult to study English? 英语难学吗?
——Not at a11. 一点不难。
——I’11 be away on a business trip．Would you mind looking after my cat? 我要因公出差，请帮我照看一下我的猫，你介意吗?
——Not at all. I’ll be happy to．一点不介意，我很乐意。
16.not to say 几乎是；也许还；简直可以说; 虽然说不上, 即使不能说
（1）She sounded impolite, not to say rude. 她的话听来很不礼貌，简直可以说是粗鲁。
（2）This is not to say that these categories have disappeared. Rather, they are mixing and interacting in new ways .简直可以说这些种类已经消失，更准确的说他们正以新的方式混合交替作用。
17.and what not 诸如此类
18.not all that 不那么...(地)
注意与下列句子的区别：Not all that is famous is important and not all that is important is famous. 并不是所有著名的都是重要的，也不是所有重要的都是著名的
19.Not ...But... 不是...而是
与not that ... but that ... 不是(因为)...而是(因为) ...相类似
(1)I am not saying she is the ultimate authority but she can put the two cultures in perspective.
(2)I knew I was not going to like the answers I got back but I had to ask anyway.
20.But then again 即使是这样…又…；但是另一方面，却…
(1)But then again we have to think about the kind of influence it is going to have on young people all over the world considering who they are.
(2)But then again, he would probably think it a terrible waste that Simon Hogg chose to edit Juice instead of designing aero planes or building nuclear reactors.
21.not that ... 并不是；倒不是
Not that is famous is important and not that is important is famous. 并不是著名的就是重要的，也不是重要的就是著名的。
22.not so 不是那样
（1）Tax overhaul is not so sweeping.
（2）Not-so-lucky Labor kicks off with Kylie question.
23.not with it [美俚]局外人（n.）
24.the more …, the more … and the more…, the less…
the more …, the more … 译为“越…越….”；the more…, the less… 译为“越…越不…”。例如：
（1）The more angry he became, the more she laughed at him.
（2）The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them.
25.more or less 差不多；或多或少
We hope our explanation will prove more or less helpful.
26.no more and no longer
no longer 和 no more，在汉语中都有“不再”的意思，但是 no longer 更侧重于强调时间上“不再”，而 no more 更侧重于强调数量上 “不再”。另外，no more还有“也不；都不”的意思。
（1）He can't afford a new car, and no more can I.（倒装）
（2）We have no more chances to win. ( We do not have any other chances to win.)
（3）I am no longer a student. ( I used to be a student, but I am not a student now.)
（4）He no longer lives here. = He doesn't live here any longer. = He doesn't live here any more
27.just about几乎；正是…附近
另外，例如：Just the same = Nevertheless. 然而，不过；just after在...之后就；just as
正像, 就...样子，正当；just as it is恰好如此, 照原样；just as they were恰好如此, 照原样；just now刚才, 前一会儿，现在, 这会儿；just on差不多; 将近；just so正是那样；
just then就在这时候, 那时候；just yet这时还(不能)...；not just ... but不仅...而且。
（1）I met him just about here. 我就是在这附近遇到他的。
（2）They had just about won the game when they had to stop playing. 他们眼看就要赢得这场比赛,却不得不停下来了。
（3）He's just about to leave. 他刚要走。
（4）Our team just about won the game - we finished only one goal ahead.我们队几乎输了这场比赛 - 终场时我们只领先一球。
28.as yet 迄今；到目前为止
与其有相近意义的短语和词汇还有：up to now；till now； to now； until now；until till now；to date；to this day；so far；thus far；by far；up to the present； to the present；until the present time；heretofore； hereunto； hitherto；
（1）As yet, no man has set foot on Mars. 到目前为止还没有人登上火星。
29. and yet 可是，然而
30.on the up-and-up or on the up and up 公开的，诚实的
31.up against 遭遇到；面对，例如：He was up against a strong opponent. 他面对一名较强的对手。
32.up and down 来回上下
33.up for 打算；准备，例如：The house is up for sale. 房子准备出售。
34.Up to： 搭配意义比较多。
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1) 先后次序关系：

at this time; first; second; at last; next；previously;
simultaneously; eventually；last but not least；to begin with；to start
with；to end with；finally；seeing...；since then；first of all；afterwards;
following this; preceding this.
2) 因果关系；

because；because of this；being that；another important
factor／reason of... ； since； as； for； in that...； owing to； due to； for
the reason that...； in view of； the reason seems to be obvious; there are
about... ；for this reason; as a result of this； therefore；...and so...；
consequently；as a result； thus； hence； so；so that...； in consequence； as a
consequence； accordingly; inevitably; under these conditions; thereupon.
3) 转折关系：

but；even so；however；though；even though；independent of；reckless of
；despite that； in spite of that； regardless of; yet...；and yet； but
unless.
4) 并列关系：

and; also；too；as well as；either...，or...；both...and...
4) (补充)递进关系：

furthermore；moreover；further；In this way ；still； not
only...but also...； not...but...； in addition (to)；additionally, much more
interesting, more specifically, next, besides； as far as... is concerned;
moreover；in other words；along this line of consideration；on the one
hand...，on the other hand...； even； as a poplar saying goes...；in order to
do it...; meanwhile； at the same time； accordingly； In the first
place...，in the second place...;equally important; of even greater appeal.
5) 比较关系：

similarly; in like manner, in comparison with；when compared
with；compared with；when in fact...; like...； likewise； similarly
important； apart from (doing)...； ... rather than...，by doing so
；both…and...; in the same way; not only...but (also).
6) 对照(不同点)：

yet; still; for all of that; notwithstanding; rather; neither
... nor; although; though; but; however; something is just the other way
around；yet; conversely； unlike； opposed to; as opposed to ； in contrast
(to)； by way of；on the contrary；different from