什么是主格

人称代词里的：主格放在句首做主语和表语,宾格放在句末或句中做动词和介词的宾语. 打个比方，主人邀请宾客，主格就像主人，宾格就像宾客。主格在动词前面，宾格在动词或介词后面。 英语中的人称代词(Personal Pronouns)有主格、宾格和之分，如： I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。 顾名思义，主格(The nominative case)用作主语，宾格(The objective case)用作宾语，所有格(The possessive case)则表示所有之物。 在实际运用中，主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题： ⒈在复合结构里，人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时，没有问题，如很少人会犯下这样的错误： *(1)Wilcox spoke to I. *(2)Her knew what had happened. 但在复合结构中，错误就难免了，如： *(3)Wilcox spoke to my friend and I. *(4)He and her knew what had happened. *(5)This is between you and he. 这种错误是可避免的。第一，在有介词的复合结构中，特别要注意，第二个人称代词，必须用宾语，如："for you and me"和 "between Maria and him"。第二，试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来，那么该用的格就容易辨别了，如： (6)This message is for (My father and) I or me. (7)(Marry and) he or him went downtown together. 显然的，(5)里的代词是宾格的"me", (6)里的代词是主格的"he"。 ⒉在比较结构里，连接词"as"或"than"后面，按理用主格式，但在口语中，人们常用宾格形式，学美式英语者，更是如此： (8)a. You did as well as she. b. You did as well as her. (9)a. I am older than he. b. I am older than him. (a)和(b)两种说法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话，这时的人称代词，就必须是主格，如下： (10)You did as well as she did. (11)I am older than he is . 此外，还有一点要注意，就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好，用宾格也可，但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较(a)和(b)： (12)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I. b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me. (12)a和b都被接受，但(12)a等于(13)a，而(12)b等于(13)B： (13)a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did (= I praised Maria). b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me. 显然，这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形，为了避免误解，不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说，必要的话，要用(13)这句子。 不然，把(13)a变成(14), (13)b变成(15)也可： (14)I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did. (15)Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.

I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等