什么是羁摩政策

2025-04-06 23:20:31
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

笼络羁摩外蕃。

民族问题始终是唐五代的突出问题。李唐出于开拓疆上、安抚蕃邦的政治需要,常向内附的少数民族权贵赐姓,从而使赐姓成为唐朝实行的民族羁縻政策的一种重要手段。唐朝赐姓于蕃族权贵始于武德年间。根据马驰先生的考证,武德七年八月,东突厥可汗颉利遣夹毕特勤阿史那思摩入见高祖,得以赐姓李氏,当是唐代赐国姓于蕃族权贵的最早记载。[2](P89)此后,赐姓于少数民族酋长的风气便愈来愈炽。唐初有契丹酋长窟哥、奚族酋长可度者、靺鞨酋长突地稽、黑水靺鞨酋长倪属利稽等率其所部内附,皆赐姓李氏。此后党项羌酋长拓拔赤辞率众内属,“拜赤辞西戎州都督,赐氏李”[1](《旧唐书》卷198《西戎》)。宪宗元和四年,奚王没辱孤归附,“赐以李氏”[3](《册府元龟》卷976《外臣部·褒异三》)。对率众归附的蕃族权贵赐以国姓,表示不仅没有把他们当异类看待,还引为宗室,这无疑给刚刚内附、尚心存狐疑的部众,吃了一颗定心丸。同时这一做法还对那些持观望态度的少数民族起到了很好的招抚作用。这正是唐朝民族政策的高明和正确之处,也是唐帝国辖区内及与周边各民族保持长期共存共荣的重要条件。如唐懿宗时,“(西川近边六姓蛮之)卑笼部独尽心于唐.……朝廷赐姓李,除为刺史。”真腊副王婆弥远来朝贡,被赐姓名为李宾汉[5]等例,便是明证。

中唐以后,赐姓常伴以赐名,如李献忠(本阿布思,铁勒同罗部首领)、李崇信(本护密国王纥设伊皋施)、李奉国(本东突厥舍利部大人,舍利葛旃)、李忠信(本名悉诺逻,为吐蕃苏毗王子)、李遮甸(本吐蕃阿史那都支可汗部别帅)等。再如唐武宗会昌二

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