有限元ABAQUS中的剪切自锁和沙漏问题什么？

请详细解释一下

2025-04-01 11:26:05

推荐回答（4个）

回答1：

在ABAQUS软件中，所有的完全积分、一阶实体单元都存在剪力自锁现象（shearing locking），且只对受弯曲荷载完全积分的线性单元产生影响，对受轴向和剪切荷载时，这些单元的表现还是很好的。产生剪力自锁的原因主要是完全积分线性实体单元在受弯荷载作用下，不能象实际结构一样弯曲，从而在节点处产生剪力，这与实际情况中受弯不产生剪力是不符合的。这就造成了结构的受弯刚度受到了加强，从而位移较小。ABAQUS里的二次单元不存在剪力自锁现象。ANSYS中有特定的消除剪力自锁的线性实体单元solid185。因此当能利用板壳单元的时候，建议使用板壳单元，或者采用高阶单元消除剪力自锁的影响。

回答2：

搜索下应该难不住

回答3：

你去上百度搜去！

回答4：

abaqus自带的帮助文档（Getting started with abaqus-4.1）对沙漏的解释很清楚（这个是缩减积分单元自带的bug）,大家可以细致评读、慢慢体会：

Linear reduced-integration elements tend to be too flexible because they suffer from their own numerical problem called hourglassing. Again, consider a single reduced-integration element modeling a small piece of material subjected to pure bending (see Figure 4–8).

Figure 4–8 Deformation of a linear element with reduced integration subjected to bending moment M.

Figure 4–8

Neither of the dotted visualization lines has changed in length, and the angle between them is also unchanged, which means that all components of stress at the element's single integration point are zero. This bending mode of deformation is thus a zero-energy mode because no strain energy is generated by this element distortion. The element is unable to resist this type of deformation since it has no stiffness in this mode. In coarse meshes this zero-energy mode can propagate through the mesh, producing meaningless results.

In Abaqus a small amount of artificial “hourglass stiffness” is introduced in first-order reduced-integration elements to limit the propagation of hourglass modes. This stiffness is more effective at limiting the hourglass modes when more elements are used in the model, which means that linear reduced-integration elements can give acceptable results as long as a reasonably fine mesh is used.

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