推荐回答(4个)
粥
粥是指在较多量的水中加入米或面,或在此基础上再加入其他食物或中药,煮至汤汁稠浓,水米义融的一类半流质食品。其中,以米为基础制成的粥又称稀饭;以面为基础制成的粥又称糊。《随园食单》在谈到粥时曾指出“见水不见米,非粥也;见米不见水,非粥也。必使水米融洽,柔腻如一,而后谓之粥”。进一步明确了汤、饭、粥的区别。往往制作粥的原料都要含有五谷杂粮一类的,比如米,豆之类。
羹
羹,是指汤汁稠厚的一类膳食,较之汤要浓稠些,故又有称为浓汤的。煮熟带汁的蔬菜也叫羹。
粥的种类很多,如以原料不同可他料粥、面粥、麦粥、豆粥、菜粥、花卉粥、果粥、乳粥、肉粥、鱼粥及食疗药粥等。在烹调上,一般将粥他为普通粥和花色粥两大类。其中,普通粥是指单用米或面煮成的粥,花色粥则是在普通粥用料的基础上,再加入各种不同的配料,制成的粥品种繁多,咸、甜口味均有,丰富多彩。以广式咸味粥为例,常见的如鱼片粥、干贝鸡丝粥、肉丝粥等。
粥还包括了食疗药粥。它作为我国食粥的特色,集传统营养科学与烹饪科学于一体,对增进国民的健康发挥着更为重要的作用。它从“医食同源”、“药食同用”的观念出发,根据传统营养学的理论,以各种养生食疗食物为主,或适当佐以中药,并经过烹调加工而成的具有相应养生食疗效用的一类粥品,又属于药膳的一个组成部分。
粥的制作,一般有煮和焖两种方法。煮法即先用旺火煮至滚开,再改用小火煮至粥汤稠浓的方法。焖法是指用旺火加热至滚沸后,即倒入有盖的木桶内,盖紧桶盖,焖约2小时即成,具有香味较浓的特点。通常粥多采用煮法。此外,花色粥的制作,还有以煮好的滚粥冲入各种配料,调拌均匀即成的方法,如生鱼片粥等。粥在制作时,应注意水要一次加足,一气煮成,才能达到稠稀均匀、米水交融的特点。煮粥用的米既可先用清水浸泡5-6小时,然后下锅再煮,也可淘洗干净后直接下锅煮粥。先浸后煮,可缩短煮粥的时间,但浸泡易致养分损失。若配方中有不能直接食用的中药,则可先用中药煮取汤汁,再加入米或面煮粥,或先将中药研成粉末,再入粥与米同煮;若粥中的配料形体较大,应先进行刀工处理,再下锅煮粥,以使粥稠味浓。
粥在传统营养学上占有重要地位。它与汤食一样,也具有制作简便、加减灵活、适应面广、易于消化吸收的特点,甚宜养生保健长期食用,曾被誉为“世间第一补人之物”。不仅如此,清代黄云鹄在其《粥谱》中还谓粥“于养老最宜:一省费,二味全,三津润,四利膈,五易消化”,对食粥养生大力推崇。陆游也极力推荐食粥养生,认为能延年益寿,并专作一首著名的《食粥诗》,诗中写到“世人个个学长年,不司长年在目前。我得宛丘平易法,只将食粥致神仙”。
粥多在早晨进食,以适应人体肠胃空虚的生理特点。正如北宋文人张耒在《粥记》中所说“每晨起,食粥线大碗,空腹胃虚,谷气便作,所补不细,又极柔腻,与肠胃相得,最为饮食之良”。不仅晨起宜食粥,苏东坡还提倡晚上进食白粥,认为它能推陈致新,利膈益胃,粥后一觉,尤妙不可言。
随着国民生活水平的提高和对饮食养生保健需求的日益增加,粥也将发挥其更大的作用。
羹,让我感觉什么都可以做成羹。比如鸡蛋羹,羊肝羹。粥,好象只要有米的带粮食的才叫粥。比如:南瓜玉米粥、八宝粥、银耳莲子大米粥,枣片大米粥等。
粥以五谷为原料
羹的原料较多,莲子、百合什么之类的东西,羹喝起来有些粘乎乎的感觉
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