一道大专“病理学”学科的题目,是一道简答题

休克早期患者血压是否明显下降?为什么?需要完整的答案
2025-03-15 03:59:45
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

不明显。
因为人体是有强大的代偿机制的。

休克刚开始时,人体对血容量减少有一定的代偿能力,这时中枢神经系统的反应是兴奋性提高,毛细血管收缩,患者表现为精神紧张,兴奋或烦躁不安.血容量减少的症状还不是很明显,患者开始出现皮肤苍白,四肢发冷,心跳呼吸加快,尿量减少等症状.

机体的代偿机制:通过主动脉弓和颈动脉窦压力感受器引起血管舒缩中枢加压反射,交感—肾上腺轴兴奋导致大量儿茶酚胺释放以及肾素—血管紧张素分泌增加等环节,可引起心跳加快,心排出量增加以维持循环容量相对稳定;又通过选择性收缩外周(皮肤、骨骼肌)和内脏(如肝、脾、胃肠)的小血管使循环血量重新分布,保证心、脑等重要器官的有效灌注。

由于内脏小动、静脉血管平滑肌及毛细血管前括约肌受儿茶酚胺等激素的影响发生强烈收缩,动静脉短路开放,结果外周血管阻力和回心血量均有所增加;毛细血管前括约肌收缩和后括约肌相对开放有助于组织液回吸收和血容量得到部分补偿。在微循环内,因前括约肌收缩而致“只出不进”,血量减少,组织处于低灌注、缺氧状态。若能在此时去除病因积极复苏,休克常较容易纠正。

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