推荐回答(4个)
(1)基肥
基肥在整地时施用,主要以农家肥、堆肥、绿肥为主,在使用农家肥时要充分腐熟。
(2)追肥
是金银花生长好坏的关键,春夏季施用腐熟的农家肥或速效氮肥,促进植株生长旺盛。施肥方法:于植株旁开沟施入,施后覆盖细土并压紧,浇水一次;冬季重施一次腊肥,每株施入腐熟厩肥或堆肥5~10千克、硫酸铵100克,过磷酸钙200克,充分混合后,在株墩周围开环状沟施入,施后盖土压实并浇水湿润,最后在株墩周围培土壅根,以利于越冬。
1、整地施肥,应选择土壤肥沃,土层深厚,疏松,透气性好,微酸性的沙壤土,播前要进行灭茬、深耕,耕深应达20厘米。结合翻地亩施入腐熟的有机肥2000千克/亩,同时根据土壤墒情入20千克以上的复合肥(氮、磷、钾的比例为1:0.5:2)。
2、种薯处理,选用适宜的优良品种,并应进行催芽处理,可将种薯摊晾在散射光下,保持15-20℃,直接催出短壮芽后,进行播种;播种前应用草木灰加百菌清加新高脂膜进行拌种,促使切块的的刀口尽快的愈合,减少烂种,增加钾素,防病害。
3、合理密植,适时播种,下种后应及时在地表喷施新高脂膜保温保墒,防止土壤结板,提高出苗率。出苗后应及时中耕培土,应以除草、疏松土壤为主,并向苗根培少量土。同时配合喷洒新高脂膜防止病菌侵染,提高抗自然灾害能力,提高光合作用强度,保护禾苗茁壮成长。
4、田间管理,应及时松土、培土起垄,并适时浇水、中耕除草,合理施肥,同时应在土豆开花前、块茎形成期和膨大期适时喷洒地果壮蒂灵,以有效控制地表上层枝叶狂长,加速地下块茎超快膨大,增强抗御虫害能力,确保土豆的优质高效和丰收。
5、防治病虫害,播种时或结薯前施辛硫磷3-4瓶/亩,除治地下害虫,并配合喷施新高脂膜提高药效;同时对于蚜虫、二十八星瓢虫、早疫病、晚疫病等病虫害可根据植保要求喷施针对性药剂进行灭杀,同时喷施新高脂膜800倍液巩固效果。
土豆施肥方法:
1.基肥。以有机肥为主,一般用量为每公顷22.5到45吨,施用方法依有机肥的用量及质量而定,量少时每公顷15吨,质优的有机肥可顺播种沟条施或穴施在种薯块上,然后覆土。粗肥量多时应撒施,随即耕翻入土,磷,钾化肥也应作基肥施用。
2.种肥。在播种薯块时施用,用过磷酸钙或配施少量氮肥作种肥。应注意,氮,磷肥不能直接接触种薯,许多地区有用种薯蘸草木灰播种的习惯,草木灰除起防病作用外,兼起种肥作用。
3.追肥。多半是用氮素化肥,其用量因土壤肥力,前茬作物,灌溉,密度及磷肥施用水平而有所不同,在不施有机肥条件下旱作时,氮肥作追肥效果较差,以作基肥为宜,施氮量一般为每公顷60千克氮。若现蕾期能浇一次水,则提高到90千克氮,浇水前开穴深施。
4.每生产1000千克马铃薯,需氮4.4到5.5千克,五氧化二磷1.8到2.2千克,氧化钾7.9到10.2千克,三者比例为1比0.4比2。
土豆要求气候温凉,喜欢疏松的砂性土壤,生育期短,施肥时应有较多的农家肥配合化肥作基肥,这样能改善土壤的物理性状,有利于生长和结薯,基肥的施用量占总施肥量的70%以上,同时适当配施氮、磷、钾化肥及微量元素肥料可增加产量改善品质。可以使用德默尔天叶的浓缩磷钾精,补充作物的氮、磷、钾
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