中西文化差异英文版

Mr. Yi Zhongtian was in the "culture of food on the table" in the interpretation of Chinese and Western cultures were subtle ideological core of Chinese culture is the "group consciousness" ideological core of Western culture is the "individual consciousness." So even if the dinners Westerners, but also points the dish, the drink of the wine, so as not to impose our own will. Chinese culture is that the individual will, to obey the common will of the group. Since the intended purpose favors with the intention of blood, its way of manners, naturally, is precious, so the Chinese people love dinner, hi total of food, about harmony. I believe that in a cross-cultural communication in the face of a strange culture, Yin Siwei, life habits and behaviors in different ways, and cultural exchanges during the conflict will inevitably occur. The author from the following four aspects of Chinese and Western table manners were simple compared to the cross-cultural communication can be a proper, decent way to communicate.
First, cultural differences from the cutlery to use point of view
Chopsticks and knife and fork is the most basic differences between Chinese and Western table manners. Zhejiang University, Professor Yu Xiu Ling: East and West appear chopsticks and knife and fork eating the different tools and environment relationship. Bamboo chopsticks to have originated in the place. Northern China wood, bamboo from southern China, ancestors from local materials, bamboo and wood have become the most primitive materials chopsticks chopsticks. The emergence of a knife and fork than chopsticks much later. According to research by Professor Yu Xiu Ling, the original knife and fork and European origin living in ancient nomadic habits, they immediately carry knives of life, often cooked the meat, cut off to eat. About 15 centuries before and after the meal in order to improve posture, Europeans used the double-pointed cross. To the 18th century only the tip of a fork with four forks. Knife and fork and chopsticks, not only brought different eating habits, also affected the Eastern and Western concepts in life. Professor Yu Xiu Ling, eating into the system will inevitably bring a knife and fork, and chopsticks sitting around the table with family members must dine match. Beginning point of Western food, which derived from the West pay attention to independent, children grow up into the world after the independence of ideas and habits. The chopsticks brought together meals daily, highlighting the young and old sat together in the family unit, so that Asians have a relatively strong family values. When I reminded in the use of Chinese and Western dishes have different specifications. If not play with chopsticks when eating Chinese food (to them when the drumstick is a very rude way), but can not use chopsticks pointing to the person or make gestures. Of course, absolutely can not suck or the chopsticks chopsticks inserted in the rice, which is taboo (which seems to funeral incense is considered unlucky.) When using the knife and fork there are some taboos. Such as holding a knife and fork when not meddling. To speak or talk, knife and fork on the plate should only decency. Avoid using their own utensils for others bowl. Do not bend over picking up utensils fall. Do not cut off a good meal products, especially products with a soup meal, to eat a piece-by-all and more.
Second, cultural differences from the point of seating arrangements
Western formal banquets are particular about the seating arrangements. Traditional Chinese dinner with square table. Door is on both sides of the partial blocks. Treat, the elderly, people with high status of the guest of honor sit or seat, men and women who sat down the owner or Peiqia Block, and the remaining customers in order to sit side seat. Westerners treat with a long table, men and women sit in the owner at both ends, then the guest of honor men and women and the general order of the guests seating arrangements, that men and women interspersed arrangement, subject to seat the hostess, the guest of honor sitting in the top right of the hostess, Main Binfu the top right of man of the house to sit, pay attention to "ladies first" Western gentleman, will show the attentions of the ladies. In China, respect for the left and right for the times; on respect, under second; in respect, partial for the times. In the West, respect for the right, left for the times.
I particularly Western seat etiquette tips: The most graceful way is seated from the left seat. Do not put your elbows on the desktop, not Rocker foot. Can not withdraw in the middle of the meal (if things do need to leave should be whispered about greeting guests.) Dinner, sit up straight, back straight, neck elongation. Depend on the upper arm and back to back, abdomen, and a table for about a fist distance. Remember to head high with food, in the face of the food into the mouth, it is necessary to the food to the mouth to mouth opinions on the food rather than bent.
Third, cultural differences from the point of dining atmosphere
Trouble on the table of Chinese and Western food on the table is static and the most fundamental difference between Chinese and Western table manners. Table climate differences, the Chinese table action, the Western table static. Chinese food for life to matter to music, show and great, the atmosphere of excitement is often breathtaking. Chinese people get a table, then in full flight, with each other for food, drinks upon, enjoy, delicacies, delicious cuisine. Banquet this way in order to reflect the enthusiasm and sincerity the owner, the table reflects the excitement of patrons from the heart's delight. This "trouble" to some extent reflects the Chinese family from the warm, neighborhood harmony, unity and people's "Harmony." Westerners have a table to sit quietly dedicated to cutting their own dinner. Soup can not make noise, such as hot soup can be cooled before eating, do not blow through your mouth. Shut up when eating chewing. Do not lick their lips or smack sound. Guests can dine and talk about, but not only with a few acquaintances talk. If guests do not know about, they may first introduce myself. Others can not take the mouth interrupted his speech. Keep the volume level of the other party can hear. Chewing of food do not speak, even if someone speak to you, have to wait to answer after swallowing
V. Conclusion
The world's cultures are equal. Culture, good or bad. Should avoid using their own culture, ethics and values as a standard to measure, judge and should adopt an objective and tolerant attitude towards foreign culture; the same time, but also to avoid blindly follow, imitate foreign culture, but should stick to their excellent cultural tradition

Because cultural context different, speaks the different language person when conversation, even if the language accurate is unmistakable, also can have the misunderstanding. Frequently because a speech said is appropriate, causes the listener to laugh loudly The language reflects a national the characteristic, it not only is containing this nationality's history and the cultural context, moreover is containing this nationality to the life the view, the life style and the thinking mode. Language and cultural mutual influence, interaction; Understood the language must understand the culture, understood the culture must understand the language. Through each kind of channel, I understood concerned to the language and the cultural aspect knowledge. Because in the cultural difference, in the foreign lecture person frequently discovered audience some joke which say to him did not reflect. However can cause person Yang Mafan in the domestic identical joke which the audience smiles. A Chinese youth to the neighbor swimming pool swimming, a while came back, why does a foreigner ask, he explained: "In the swimming pool the person too are many, water too dirty, early should trade. Like sesame jam boiled dumpling." Another Chinese youth has smiled, but that foreigner simply did not know any is the sesame jam and the boiled dumpling. Basic cannot feel slightly humorously. The Chinese meets mutually says time the hello, often said: "You have eaten?" But the foreigner can think this kind of greeting is said: "I have not eaten, we walk together eat a thing!" This kind of greeting thought only invites the others to eat meal. Also once just arrived China the foreign scholar tied anxiously said with Chinese that, "Why did you always ask I ate did not have? I am rich." In English has Good morning, Good aftenoon, Good evening all is equal in Chinese "hello". When Good noon, Good night all is the farewell said speech. In US, the regular meeting hears to the American woman to discuss how her husband does work diligently, does like this splendidly, obtains the reward and so on. Also can praise own children to be intelligent and so on. However can think in China like this uncouth. An American university sets up Chinese spoken language training class, some two teachers teach, their native language word all is not a Chinese. When attends class, male teacher refers oneself said that, "This is the thing?" The female teacher shakes the head said that, "You are not the thing." The male teacher also asked that, "You are the thing?" Female teacher reply that, "I am not the thing." Perhaps the Chinese can guess obtains a ball in a shop (in china shop bull) but not to be able to imagine says in English person mind the image: Niu Penzhuo breathes, ablaze with anger the bull rushes in suspends the full view chinaware in the shop. However, this view meaning is: Clever is appropriate in a need manner, the careful thorough situation rushes in a behavior asperity person. In the Chinese culture, the turtle has two kind of significances: On the one hand symbolic longevity, on the other hand is curses at people. But associates not like this in the western culture, the turtle is only the slow-moving, animal. As for China that, the bat is propitious, health, happy symbol. These associations is possible to come the character bat the name and the lucky unison. In foreign country, the people mention the bat, thinks of the ugly image. Therefore exchanges in us with the foreigner, we should all the time pay attention to own language