体会都真是太长,抄死我了啊!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!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应该叫青藏铁路,于今年7月1日正式开通运行,从青海西宁直达西藏拉萨,列车上配备双套供氧系统和真空排便、真空收集垃圾装置.
“拉萨”在藏语中为“圣地”或“佛地”之意,长期以来就是西藏政治、经济、文化、宗教的中心,金碧辉煌、雄伟壮丽的布达拉宫,是至高无上政教合一政权的象征。早在公元七世纪,松赞干布兼并邻近部落、统一西藏后,就从雅隆迁都逻姿(即今拉萨),建立吐蕃王朝。
1951年5月23日,西藏和平解放,拉萨城进入了新的时代。1960年,国务院正式批准拉萨为地级市,1982年又将其定为首批公布的24座国家历史文化名城之一。
拉萨古称“惹萨”,藏语“山羊”称“惹”,“土”称“萨”,相传公元七世纪唐朝文成公主嫁到吐蕃时,这里还是一片荒草沙滩,后为建造大昭寺和小昭寺用山羊背土填卧塘,寺庙建好后,传教僧人和前来朝佛的人增多,围绕大昭寺周围便先后建起了不少旅店和居民房屋,形成了以大昭寺为中心的旧城区雏形。同时松赞干布又在红山扩建宫室(即今布达拉宫),于是,拉萨河谷平原上宫殿陆续兴建,显赫中外的高原名城从此形成。“惹萨”也逐渐变成了人们心中的“圣地”,成为当时西藏宗教、政治、经济、文化的中心。在一般人的印象中,拉萨是由布达拉宫、八廓街(八角街)、大昭寺、色拉寺、哲蚌寺以及拉萨河构成的,但西藏人认为,严格意义上的“拉萨”应是指大昭寺和围绕大昭寺而建立起来的八廓街,只有到了大昭寺和八廓街,才算到了真正的拉萨。如今拉萨城东一带尚保持着古城拉萨的精髓。
4、把铁路修到拉萨去
教学目标:
1、通读全文,了解青藏铁路的基本情况和修建铁路的艰难。
2、有感情的朗读课文中的重点句子,感受建设者对修筑铁路和西部大开发的满腔热情。
3、认识本课14个生字,搜集和交流青藏铁路和西部大开发的相关资料。
课前准备:
1、搜集关于青藏铁路和西部大开发的相关资料。
2、西藏的风光图片。
3、青藏铁路地图。
4、青藏铁路全线贯通的庆祝场面图片。
教学时间: 一课时
教学过程:
一、创设情境,引入课题:
1、出示西藏的风光图片,和学生一同感受西藏的纯净、美丽和圣洁。
2、老师讲述:
西藏地处青藏高原,交通落后,“把铁路修到拉萨去”一直是西藏人民的期盼,也是全国人民的愿望。随着西部大开发号角的吹响,把铁路修到拉萨去,正在变成现实。
出示课题:把铁路修到拉萨去。
3、有感情地朗读课题。
二、通读课文,整体感知:
1、自由读文,注意读准生字字音
思考:青藏铁路是一条怎样的铁路?在课文中找出有关的句子。
2、课堂交流。
(1)出示:“一条长长的‘铁龙’,从柴达木盆地深处的工业新城格尔木起步,跨过巍峨的昆仑山……这就是造福广大人民的青藏铁路。”
(2)观察地图,理解句子。
(3)有感情地朗读句子。
3、读了全文,你知道了什么?有什么感受?
学生可以根据自己的理解和感受就可闻的某一方面发表自己的看法,可能有:
(1)青藏高原气候恶劣,天气说变就变;
(2)开凿风火山隧道面临着重重困难;
(3)高原缺氧是施工的一个很大的障碍;
(4)科技人员和建筑工人不断献给困难挑战;
4、根据大家的发言,再次默读课文,想想课文讲了一件什么事?概括成一句话。
在修筑青藏铁路的过程中,筑路大军克服重重困难,终于使风火山隧道全线贯通。
三、精读课文,用心感受:
1、“把铁路修到拉萨去!”这句话在课文中反复出现了很多次,默读课文,在课文中画出这句话。
2、自由朗读课文
想想面对着风火山这只拦路虎,筑路大军会在什么时候说“把铁路修到拉萨去!”这句话?
3、课堂交流,教师指导:
(1)在遇到困难的时候,他们会说“把铁路修到拉萨去!”。
①他们遇到了哪些困难?
在课文中找出有关的句子,再用自己的话说一说。
◇难以控制隧道施工温度。
“由于温度太低,混凝土无法凝固。他们拿来暖风机,给隧洞增温,洞壁的冰岩又遇热融化,造成洞壁塌滑。”
◇恶劣天气和极度缺氧。
“风火山一带经常狂风大作……转眼之间乌云压顶,大大小小的冰雹劈头盖脸地砸下来。”
“尽管对缺氧已有准备,施工中出现的情况还是始料未及……筑路大军的生命面临严重威胁。”
②有感情地朗读第5自然段至第8自然段。
③面对着困难,他们会怎么样说这句话?有感情地朗读“把铁路修到拉萨去!”要读出怎样的语气?
坚定有力,显示筑路大军在困难面前不惧怕,不后退的决心。
(2)在战胜困难的时候,他们会说“把铁路修到拉萨去!”
①他们是怎样战胜困难的?在课文中找出有关的句子,再用自己的话说一说。
◇“科技人员昼夜在隧洞里实地观察,发现冰岩温度变化的规律。经过反复观测、分析和实验,他们终于找到了喷射混凝土的最佳温度,制服了逞凶一时的冻土。”
◇“指挥部的灯火彻夜通明。能不能建一个大型制氧站?……风火山,这只巨大的拦路虎一次次地下了高傲的头!”
②有感情地朗读第6自然段至第9自然段。
③战胜困难的时刻,他们会怎么样说这句话?
要读出怎样的语气?有感情地朗读。
读出喜悦自豪,充满信心的语气。
4、想象一下,筑路大军还会在什么时候说“把铁路修到拉萨去!”这句话?
(1)风火山隧道全线贯通的时刻。
有感情地朗读课文第11自然段。
(2)青藏铁路全线贯通的时刻。
①如果你是筑路大军中的一员,此时此刻,你最想说的一句话是什么?
②此时此刻,应该怎样来朗读“把铁路是到拉萨去!”?有感情地朗读。
四、课外延伸,情感升华:
交流搜集到的关于青藏铁路和西部大开发的相关资料。
《把铁路修到拉萨去》主要内容
青藏铁路全长1956公里,有960公里的海拔高程在4000米以上,其中550公里的地段穿越高原常年冻土地带。其最高点位于海拔5072米,常年白雪皑皑的唐古拉山垭口,被誉为“离天最近的铁路”和“世界上最高的铁路”。修建青藏铁路是党中央、国务院在进入新世纪之际作出的重大战略决策,是国家“十五”四大标志性工程之一,是西部大开发的重点工程之首。
说明它是一条爱之路!!!!
青藏铁路全长1956公里,有960公里的海拔高程在4000米以上,其中550公里的地段穿越高原常年冻土地带。其最高点位于海拔5072米,常年白雪皑皑的唐古拉山垭口,被誉为“离天最近的铁路”和“世界上最高的铁路”。修建青藏铁路是党中央、国务院在进入新世纪之际作出的重大战略决策,是国家“十五”四大标志性工程之一,是西部大开发的重点工程之首。
说明它是一
筑路大军很不容易,他们战胜了一个世界级的难题!他们多伟大呀!我们要向他们学习!为祖国做贡献 叔叔阿姨们真辛苦呀!他们战胜了可怕的冻土层,天气恶劣,极度缺氧!!!这是我们中国人做到了一件别人做不到的事!(中国国人多么伟大呀!为此我感到很自豪!) 这是中国人用智慧和力量长生的困难,这是中国人的智慧结晶呀条爱之路!!!!