推荐回答(1个)
孔子,子姓,孔氏,名丘,字仲尼,是儒家学派的创始人。后世称之为孔圣人,据悉,孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、大教育家。是他开创了私人讲学的风气,同时孔子也是当时盛会上最博学的人之一。
而随着孔子的影响力扩大,孔子祭祀也一度成为和上帝、和国家的祖宗神同等级别的“大祀”。这种殊荣除老子外万古唯有孔子而已。
但是以上所述知道者甚多,不过,有一点知道的人相比寥寥无几,知道孔子的父亲是谁吗?孔子母亲为何不告诉孔子生父是谁呢?

孔子的父亲是谁?
据记载,孔子的母亲颜征在一直到死,都没有给孔子说过,他父亲到底是谁。颜征在死后,孔子才从邻居一车夫口中,得知父亲是曾经做过陬邑大夫的叔梁纥。这让孔子既震惊更兴奋不已,原来自己具有贵族血统!孔子的贵族血统并不假,从叔梁纥上溯,可以追述到殷纣王庶出兄长微子启。
周朝建立后,在“兴灭国,继绝世”组织路线指导下,周武王将微子启分封到河南商丘一带建立宋国,以继承殷商灭亡的绝世,成为拱卫周王室的诸侯国。微子启嫡传后代、理应继承大位的弗父何不曾继位,将国君让与宋历公。弗父何后代孔父嘉(孔子的六世祖)在宋国贵族内讧中被杀,其子逃亡到鲁国,以孔为姓氏,孔子父亲叔梁纥是孔父嘉的五世孙。鲁襄公时,叔梁纥在鲁国权臣孟献子处做过武士,因军功被封为陬邑大夫。用现在的职务换算,叔梁纥是陬邑市委书记、市长兼军分区司令,是大权独揽的封疆大吏。
如此显赫的血统,母亲颜征在为什么不告诉孔子?
原来,与叔梁纥显赫声势和养尊处优截然相反的是,颜征出身十分贫苦,是平民甚或是奴隶身份。史书记载,叔梁纥与颜征在“野合”而生下孔子。十七岁的颜征在,能爱上已经七十岁的叔梁纥?身份地位又是如此的悬殊,根本没有日久生情的交往条件!

再从孔子少年时候的经历看他父母的关系。封疆大吏七十岁喜得贵子,是喜庆不过的喜庆事,正常情况下,襁褓之中的孔子,会被整个家族视为上天所施,麒麟相送,呵护备至,宠爱有加,然而却相反。孔子曾说过:“我小时候身份下贱,因此会做很多卑贱的劳作”(原文为:“吾少也贱,故多能鄙事。”)即是说,孔子出生后,并不曾生活在陬邑市长叔梁纥的朱门之内,而是同母亲流落在外苦度日月。
母子两人为糊口奔忙,为生活所迫,孔子曾做过牧童,替季氏管理过粮草,做过吹鼓手,孔丘之所以名丘,因为头上骨骼如同高低不平的丘陵,从医学的角度看,这是自小营养不良,严重缺钙的结果。父亲是钟鸣鼎食的陬邑大夫,儿子却因营养不良严重缺钙,以至头颅发育不正常而生长畸形,显然叔梁纥是只求一时欢快而不负责任的老混账,从不曾理会这母子两人的死活。
颜征在不说叔梁纥,据东汉经学家郑玄考证:“颜征在以同叔梁纥发生性关系为终生耻辱,所以不告诉孔子父亲是谁”(原文为:“征在耻之,不告。”)以此为耻的原因,显然不是妻子或小妾身份。也很难说成通奸,最可能的是强奸且在之后撒手不管。

从邻居车夫口中得知父亲是叔梁纥,孔子立即将母亲骨骸与父亲的骨骸合葬一起 。显然,孔子没有从苦难童年的苦难处境中,激励出对路过旧制度的叛逆性格,而是由羡慕贵族生活滋生出攀附心理,用父母合葬的礼仪,向世人彰示自己的贵族血统,故而不惜践踏母亲对叔梁家族的仇恨之情。
原以为经过父母合葬的礼仪,自己贵族身份就能获得上层社会的承认。孰料,他穿着孝服去参加季孙氏举行的招待读书人的宴会时,被阳虎毫不留情地挡在门外,理由是:“季孙氏招待读书人,不招待你。”
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