杜鹃花在北方,这样还有救么?叶子不停的落,都快秃了,花也不开了,怎么回事,如何救活,大神请指教!

2025-03-25 05:53:55
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

杜鹃生于海拔500-1200(-2500)米的山地疏灌丛或松林下,喜欢酸性土壤,在钙质土中生长得不好,甚至不生长。因此土壤学家常常把杜鹃作为酸性土壤的指示作物。
杜鹃性喜凉爽、湿润、通风的半阴环境,既怕酷热又怕严寒,生长适温为12℃至25℃,夏季气温超过35℃,则新梢、新叶生长缓慢,处于半休眠状态。夏季要防晒遮阴,冬季应注意保暖防寒。忌烈日暴晒,适宜在光照强度不大的散射光下生长,光照过强,嫩叶易被灼伤,新叶老叶焦边,严重时会导致植株死亡。冬季,露地栽培杜鹃要采取措施进行防寒,以保其安全越冬。观赏类的杜鹃中,西鹃抗寒力最弱,气温降至0℃以下容易发生冻害。

杜鹃的病害主要有根腐病、褐斑病、黑斑病、叶枯病、缺铁黄化病等。杜鹃患根膊病后,生长衰弱,叶片萎蔫,干枯,根系表面出现水渍状褐色田块,严重的软腐,逐渐腐烂脱皮,木质部变黑。此病在温度高、湿度大的环境下最易发生。防治方法是在翻盆前对培10土严格消毒,并保持土境硫松、湿润、使其有良好的通透性,避免积水。如果发现植株患病,要及时处理病株及盆土。治疗时,可用0.1%的高锰酸钾水溶液或2%的硫酸亚铁淋洗病株,再用清水冲洗后重新上盆。用70%的托布津可湿性粉剂加1000倍水制成溶液喷洒盆土,可以治好。
杜鹃常见的虫害有:红蜘蛛、军配虫、蚜虫、短须蜗等。红蜘蛛体形微小,但对杜鹃危害严重。高层楼房萌养杜鹃最容易出现此类虫害。防治方法是进行人工捕杀。药物杀虫可用5度的石硫合剂喷乐,也可用胡桃叶、央竹桃叶、青篙各等份扔碎浸泡出液汁,加水稀释后ll洒,用1000信水的敌敌畏液喷洒杀灭也是好办法。[3]

褐斑病
是杜鹃一种主要病害。病害初发时,叶面上出现褐色小斑点,逐渐发展成不规则状大斑点,病斑上产生许多黑色或灰褐色小点,使受害叶片变黄、脱落,影响当年开花及来年花蕾的发育。这种病常发生于梅雨季节湿度大的时候。
治疗方法是平时要注意让植株通风透光,不使湿度过大,并增施有机肥及氮磷钾混合肥,增强植株抗侵染及生长能力。如果发现病叶要及时摘除,集中烧毁。病害发生初期,喷洒0.5%波尔多液或0.4波美度石硫合剂,并加4%面粉增加粘附力。叶斑病、黑斑病也可以用同样方法治疗。[3]

黄化病
缺铁黄化病常发生在土壤偏碱的地区,病情轻时,只出现植株迟绿现象;严重时,叶组织可全部变黄,叶片边缘枯焦。发病时,以植株顶梢的叶片上表现最为明显,一般皆由内部缺铁所造成。
防治方法是改变土壤中缺铁性质,降低土壤碱度。增施有机肥改造粘质土壤。对缺铁植株可直接喷洒O.2%一0.3%硫酸亚铁液。也可在植株周围土壤上用筷子戳几个深15厘米左有的孔,用1:30的硫酸亚铁水溶液慢慢注入,将孔注满,以增加土壤酸性、减少碱性。[3]

黑斑病
发病情况及发病环境条件与褐斑病类似,防治也可采用类似办法。[3]

军配虫
军配虫成虫体小而扁平,长约4毫米,黑色,是对常绿杜鹃危害最严重的一种害虫,常在叶片背后刺吸叶液为害,被害处叶面上面出现黄白色斑点,使叶片脱落,造成树势衰弱,影响生长及开花。温室中杜鹃极易发生此虫。
防治方法主要是用药物喷杀。可用90%敌百虫原药1000倍液或40%氧化乐果乳油1500倍液或50%杀螟松乳剂1000-1500倍液喷洒防治。[3]

蚜虫
主要危害杜鹃幼枝叶,轻者可使叶片失去绿色,重者使叶片卷缩,变硬变脆,不能吸收养分,影响开花。
防治方法是平时要特别注意越冬期的蚜虫,入冬后可在植株上喷洒一次5度的石硫合剂,消灭越冬虫卵,铲去花卉附近杂草,消灭虫源。在蚜虫危害期,用40%的乐果或氧化乐果加1200倍水制成溶液进行连续喷治,3-4次即可见效。[3]

短须峨
是杜鹃重要害虫之一,常在叶片背面主脉附近刺吸汁液,使叶背形成许多油渍田块,最后引起叶片脱落。此虫倒卵形,体长约0.3毫米,体扁平,体色有红、暗红、木红,体背有不规则黑色斑点,体侧有不规则黑色斑块。此虫以夏季天热干燥时最多见,降雨量多时随即减少。防治方法是在10月中下旬和早春3月各喷一次波美0.5度石硫合剂成喷25%杀虫胀水剂500倍液。

回答2:

若冬季没有供暖设备,应放在暖和有微弱光、空气流通的地方,室温最好不低于5℃。浇水根据盆土干湿而定,冬季温度低,浇水过多,就会导至落叶,甚至死亡。

回答3:

我也有这种情况过,后来阴干一段时间,加百虫清,好转了

回答4:

不好养,杜鹃属酸性土壤

回答5:

放进温室

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