肩关节髋关节组成解剖学结构和功能的关系?

2025-03-25 04:10:37
推荐回答(5个)
回答1:

由肩胛骨的关节盂和肱骨头构成,属球窝关节.关节盂周缘有纤维软骨环构成的盂缘附着,加深了关节窝.肱礌头的关节面较大,关节盂的面积仅为关节头的1/3或1/4,因此,肱骨头的运动幅度较大.关节囊薄而松弛,下壁尤甚,附着于关节盂的周缘,上方将盂上结节包于囊内,下方附着于肱骨的解剖颈.关节囊的滑膜层包被肱二头肌长头腱,并随同该肌腱一起突出于纤维层外,位于结节间沟内,形成肱二头肌长头腱腱鞘.肩关节周围的韧带少且弱,在肩关节的上方,有喙肱韧带连结于喙突与肱骨头大结节之间.盂肱韧带自关节盂周缘连结于肱骨小结节及解剖颈的下分.
  肩关节为全身最灵活的球窝关节,可作屈,伸,收,展,旋转及环转运动.加以关节头与关节窝的面积差度大,关节囊薄而松弛等结构特征,反映了它具有灵活性运动的机能.肩关节周围有大量肌肉通过.这些肌肉对维护肩关节的稳固性有重要意义,但关节的前下方肌肉较少,关节囊又最松弛,所以是关节稳固性最差的薄弱点.当上肢处于外展,外旋位向后跌倒时,手掌或肘部着地,易发生肩关节的前脱位.
  由肱骨头和肩关节盂构成.特点:肱骨头大,关节盂小,关节囊薄而松弛,囊的下壁薄弱.可作屈,伸,收,展,旋内,旋外和环转运动

比较肩关节和髋关节在构造(基本构造、辅助构造)、关节类型及运动方面的异同点。
  肩关节:球窝关节,关节盂浅而小,有盂唇加深关节盂,关节腔宽大,关节囊薄而松弛,可做冠状面上的屈伸,矢状面的收展,垂直轴上的旋内旋外及环转运动
  髋关节:杵臼关节,髋臼唇加深髋臼,关节囊厚而坚韧,可做冠状面的前屈后伸,矢状面的内收外展,垂直轴工的旋内旋外及环转运动,但运动幅度远不及肩关节

回答2:

简单来说髋关节在我们大腿根部,即每个人左右两侧大腿根部的地方就是髋关节部位,其作用是为了使下肢和躯体形成连接,而形成的关节。平常大家可能注意不到髋关节在哪个部位,所以才会有这个问题。如果喜欢游泳,在蛙泳的时候会有蹬腿动作,主要就是髋关节部位,从完全收拢到完全伸直活动度可以达到180°。引起大家感兴趣提问这个问题的另外一个目的,可能是因为该部位的疾病比较隐匿,不太容易被发现。因为髋关节周围有非常丰富、非常厚的一层肌肉保护,所以里面骨骼系统发生病变之后,由于有这么大的肌肉阻挡,容易把一些症状隐蔽掉。比如老年人跌倒之后常发生股骨颈骨折,如果骨折发生在其它部位,早就有红肿,或者疼痛会很明显。但是如果发生在髋关节部位,由于旁边肌肉非常丰富及厚,同时骨折有时候会发生一个嵌插,即虽然是断了,但是断端跟断端之间会镶嵌进去,甚至骨折后照样可以下地走动,疼痛感不明显,外面的肌肉又是严严实实地遮挡着,这种情况就有可能会把所有的症状隐蔽掉,等到后期出现骨吸收、骨折,就会使骨折的治疗有一定难度,因为新鲜的骨折和陈旧的骨折,其治疗效果的确不一样。

回答3:

啊,妈耶,好久没做解剖学题目了。
肩关节和髋关节主要的共同点就是连接四肢,往这方面考虑一下吧。

回答4:

肩关节,髋关节组成结构,学结构和功能关系都是属于关节系列

回答5:

肩关节的主要功能是协调肩部运动。

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