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51问答网 > 为什么高，低钾血症钾离子外流分别增多减少，兴奋性却都是增高呢？

为什么高，低钾血症钾离子外流分别增多减少，兴奋性却都是增高呢？

2025-03-15 07:40:43

推荐回答（1个）

回答1：

高钾血症时心肌的兴奋性先升高后降低，高钾血症时，虽然心肌细胞膜对钾的通透性增高，但细胞内外液中钾离子浓度差变小，细胞内钾外流减少而导致静息电位负值变小，静息电位与阈电位的距离变小，使心肌兴奋性增强；但当严重高钾血症时，由于静息电位太小，钠通道失活，发生去极化阻滞，导致心肌兴奋性降低或消失。
低钾血症时心肌的兴奋性升高。急性低钾血症时，尽管细胞内外液中钾离子浓度差变大，但由于此时心肌细胞膜的钾电导降低，细胞内钾外流反而减少，导致静息电位负值变小，静息电位与阈电位的距离亦变小，兴奋所需的阈刺激也变小，故心肌兴奋性增强。

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