怎样增加涂料的流平性能?

2025-04-03 00:34:06
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

我帮你拷贝的:
英文专业名称:Leveling agent. 流平剂是一种常用的涂料助剂,它能促使涂料在干燥成膜过程中形成一个平整、光滑、均匀的涂膜。流平剂种类很多, 不同涂料所用的流平剂种类也不尽相同。
涂料施工后,有一个流动及干燥成膜过程,然后逐步形成一个平整、光滑、均匀的涂膜。涂膜能否达到平整光滑的特性,称为流平性。缩孔是涂料在流平与成膜过程中产生的特性缺陷之一。在实际施工过程中,由于流平性不好,刷涂时出现刷痕,滚涂时产生滚痕、喷涂时出现桔皮,在干燥过程中相伴出现缩孔、针孔、流挂等现象、都称之为流平性不良,这些现象的产生降低了涂料的装饰和保护功能。 影响涂料流平性的因素很多,溶剂的挥发梯度和溶解性能、涂料的表面张力、湿膜厚度和表面张力梯度、涂料的流变性、施工工艺和环境等,其中最重要的因素是涂料的表面张力、成膜过程中湿膜产生的表面张力梯度和湿膜表层的表面张力均匀化能力。改善涂料的流平性需要考虑调整配方和加入合适的助剂,使涂料具有合适的表面张力和降低表面张力梯度的能力。
涂料干燥成膜过常见的缺陷有缩孔、桔皮、刷痕、滚痕、流挂等。 缩孔是指涂膜上形成的不规则的,有如碗状的小凹陷,使涂膜失去平整性,常以一滴或一小块杂质为中心,周围形成一个环形的棱。从流平性的角度而言,它是一种特殊的“点式”的流不平,产生于涂膜表面,其形状从表现可分为平面式,火山口式,点式,露底式,气泡式等。
溶剂类流平剂主要是高沸点溶剂混合物。溶剂型涂料仅借助增加溶剂以降低粘度来改善流平性,将使涂料固体分下降并导致流挂等弊病;或者保持溶剂含量,只加入高沸点溶剂以图调整挥发速度来改善流平,干燥时间也相应延长。故此两方案均不理想。只有加入高沸点溶剂混合物,显示各种递增特性(挥发指数、蒸馏曲线、溶解能力)较为理想。溶剂类流平剂主要成分是各种高沸点的混合溶剂,具有良好的溶解性,也是颜料良好的润湿剂。常温固化涂料由于溶剂挥发太快,涂料粘度提高过快妨碍流动而造成刷痕,溶剂挥发导致基料的溶解性变差而产生的缩孔,或在烘烤型涂料中产生沸痕、起泡等弊病采用这类助剂是很有效的。另外采用高沸点流平剂调整挥发速度,还可克服泛白弊病。 相容性受限制的长链树脂常用的有聚丙烯酸类、醋丁纤维素等。它们的表面张力较低,可以降低涂料与基材之间的表面张力而提高提高涂料对基材的润湿性,排除被涂固体表面所吸附的气体分子,防止被吸附的气体分子排除过迟而在固化涂膜表面形成凹穴、缩孔、桔皮等缺陷;此外它们与树脂不完全相混容,可以迅速迁移到表面形成单分子层,以保证在表面的表面张力均匀化,增加抗缩孔效应,从而改善涂膜表面的光滑平整性。聚丙烯酸酯类流平剂又可分为纯聚丙烯酸酯、改性聚丙烯酸酯(或与硅酮拼合)、丙烯酸碱容树脂等,纯聚丙烯酸酯流 平剂与普通环氧树脂、聚酯树脂或聚氨酯等涂料用树脂相容性很差,应用时会形成有雾状的涂膜。为了提高其相容性,通常用有较好混容性的共聚物。 相容性受限制的长链硅树脂常用的有聚二甲基硅氧烷,聚甲基苯基硅氧烷, 有机基改性聚硅氧烷等。这类物质可以提高对基材的润湿性而且控制表面流动,起到改善流平效果的作用,当溶剂挥发后,硅树脂在涂膜表面形成单分子层,改善涂膜的光泽。改性聚硅氧烷又可分为聚醚改性有机硅,聚酯改性有机硅,反应性有机硅,引入有机基团有助于改善聚硅氧烷和涂料树脂的相容性,即使浓度提高也不会产生不相容和副作用,改性聚硅氧烷能够降低涂料与基材的界面张力,提高对基材的润湿性,改善附着力,防止发花,桔皮,减少缩孔,针眼等涂膜表面病态。 氟系表面活性剂,其主要成分为多氟化多烯烃,对很多树脂和溶剂也有很好的相容性和表面活性,有助于改善润湿性、分散性和流平性,、还可以在溶剂型漆中调整溶剂挥发速度。

回答2:

加点流平剂!!!!可以增加流平效果!!!

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