巴西概况 英文简介

Brazil general situation
???? country:Brazil federal republic
??????????( The? Federative? Republic? of? Brazil,
???????????? Rep ú blica? Federativa? do? Brasil)?

????? national flag:? Distance that report the rectangular, and grow with the breadth it than for 10 ∶ 7. The ensign ground is green, in the center is a yellow rhombus, its four topses and ensign sides all equal. The rhombus in the center is a 蓝色 day ball 仪 , its up have the white of an arch form to take. Green, the yellow is a Brazilian national beauty. Abundant 矿藏 of that bush of vast country of green symbol, yellow representative is with the resources. Day 26 states for ball arch on the 仪 form white taking surface of sphere is divided intoing the top and bottom twoth parts, second half department symbol Southern Hemisphere 星空 , different white of its last size fifth Cape 星 representative Brazilianlies are with a federal area. The white take to up writes the “ order with progresses with Portuguese text".??

????National insignia:? The pattern is in the center outstanding a big five Cape 星 , independence of nation symbol and solidify. Big five 蓝色 circle in Cape 星 s up have five small five ten horoscopes of Cape 星 s, representative south; Have in the circle wreath 22 small five each state of Cape 星 s, representative Brazils are with the federal area. Big five Cape 星 surroundings surround the garland, back of useful coffee leaf that weave to stand up with tobacco leaf on carry under fifth Cape 星 s the sword, hilt of a swording. The 绶 take to up write the “ Brazil the federal republic with Portuguese text", “ 1889 November 15".( the republic establish the day)?

????Important festival:??????

???????? independent day:September 7?(1822)

????????? National Day:September 7
(1822)
????????? Indian's day:April 19?

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Brazil Rio de Janeiro 著 ' s melon 纳 the 巴 pull the gulf
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???? national high-ranking officials:? Does the president's 卢 pulls the · to reach a 尔 tile?( Lula? da? Silva)?, The 2002 win an election October, and the 2003 is on January 1 a 职 .?

????Nature geography:854.7 ten thousand square kilometer, is Latin- American biggest nation of the area. Locate the southeast department in South America. The north 邻 method belong to Guyana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela with Columbia, west 邻 Peru, Bolivia, the south connect the Paraguay, Argentina be close to Atlantic Ocean with Uruguay, east. The coast line grow more than 7400 seseses, territorial waters width 12 outside 专 of nautical miles, territorial waterses belong to the economic area 188 nautical mile. National territory 80% locate the tropical region, most the south carry to belong to subtropics weather. Northern part the plain of second horse Sun belong to the average air temperature of equator weather, year 27 － 29 ℃ . The central part plateau belong to the drought, raining season of tropical steppe weather, cent. South department average air temperature in region 16 － 19 ℃ .?

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Brazil card that body does the in beautiful attire pull the 雅族 ?
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The Brazil south compares the card tile to pull the 族
The person proceeds bow and arrow game
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Body the in beautiful attire's Brazil 帕 tower
The 肖族 spring ups the race to dance
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???? Population:1.696 hundred million(2000)s, occupy the world population of 2.8%, reside to pull beautiful and first. among them the white man occupy54.?03%, black and white mixed blood the person occupy39.?94%, the black race person occupy5.?39%, the yellow race person occupy 0.46%, the Indian is roughly to occupy0.?16%.The Portuguese language is an authorities language.71% of the resident believe in the Catholic.?Brazil “ Indian's day"?

???? capital:? Brazil is benefit second( Brasilia)?, The population is roughly 204.32 myriad people(2000) s, melted the 汇 the world thou to construct the art's essence now, and have the “ world the building exposition" it call. The city construct by the side of artificial lake, then three power squares resemble a head for cores, shape with an eastern exposure airplane of square 巨 type.1987 the year, United Nations teach section text how to organize to declare to list as the human culture wealth of “ the second city of Brazil benefit".??

????The administrative area rows:The whole nation totally is divided intoes 26 stateses to establish the municipal, whole nation to totally have with 1 federal area( Brazil second federal area of benefit), state down 5507 City, among them 15 above have 79,100 above have 12.(1999)Name of each state is as follows: 阿 gram, Allah 戈斯 , second horse Sun, 阿 horse 帕 , 巴 the 伊 is second, 塞 Allah, saint 埃斯 skin the second 斯 , horse of diagram, 戈 pull the 尼 the 昂 , horse 托格罗 the 索 , south horse 托格罗 the 索 , rice 纳斯 the 吉 to pull the 斯 , 帕 to pull, the 帕 pull the 伊 the 巴 , 巴 to pull the that, 伯 south cloth the elder brother, skin 奥 the 伊 , north 奥格 the 兰 is virtuous, south 奥格 the 兰 is virtuous, many 尼 s in Rio de Janeiro, 朗 are second, the rare 培 , 托 of 尔 of 罗 , 塞 of 琳 , saint 保 of horse, saint card tower of 罗赖 axe the 廷斯 .??

????Chien's history:The ancient times Brazil for printing peaceful person of ground live the groundses.1500 year April 22 the cloth of Portuguese navigator card pull the 尔 to arrive the Brazil.16 century the 沦 is a Portuguese colony.1807Year Nepoleon invades Portugal, 葡 royal house to escape the Brazil the empress, Brazil in reality the 葡 ' s empire the 葡 royal house of center.1821 year move to return Lisbon, prince to wear the virtuous 罗 to stay the Brazil term the 摄政 the king.1822Year September 7 the winning is independent, and establish the Brazil the empire.1888 the year abrogates May slave's system.1889Year November 15 丰塞 card the general stage the coup to abrogate the 帝 system, and establish the republic.1891年2月24日通过第一部共和国宪法，定国名为巴西合众国。1960The year be moved by Rio de Janeiro capital is toward the Brazil benefit second.1964 March 31 of years, soldier's coup go on stage, practice the 独 to cut the governance, and change the country the by name Brazil the federal republic in 1967.

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1931Year October 12, high 30 riceseses, heavy 1145 tonseses, last the engineering's Christ 石 of 10 year the statue
At around the original camel hump top of hill of municipal stand on end.
It is one of the symbol thing of Rio de Janeiro Cities
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???? Politics: In 1988 the new constitution promulgating on October 5 rules, and the president be produced by direct election, and cancel direct power of ordinance promulgation of president. The president is a national head of state with the government mastermind 兼 armed forces' commander in chief.1994 year with 1997 the parliament pass the constitution revision bill, and distinguish the provision to shorten president's tenure as four years, president with each state, mayor can all connect to choose to serve another term. The citizen parliament be constitute, exercised by federal 参议院 is with the House of Representatives legislative power, for the country tallest power organization in house.The main working talent establishes the whole laws in the federal scopes; Certain period and armed power number of peace; The establishment whole nation is with the region development plan; Declare the general amnesty the ream; The authorization president declares the war or peace; The approval president visit with vice- President; Grant or cancel the federal to interfere or impose curfew; Investigate the president 账 the 目 ; The approval president signs the international treaty; The decision is temporary to move capital the etc.. the cabinet is a government administration organization, cabinet the member be appointment to officed by president.

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The biggest 保 benefit in the city saint 保罗 City of Brazil 斯
The avenue ascends the lofty financing institution mansion. Saint 保罗
Is a Brazilian finance, business with the manufacturing industry center.
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Economy:? River of second horse Sun that Brazil nature term with abundant resources. It is river valley that horizontal 贯 is northern part is wide in the world, biggest river of the discharge. Vegetable contain the lung of the “ the Earth" of the area of second horse Sun forest calling amount to 750 ten thousand square kilometer, occupy the world forest one of the area's three centseses, among them big the part locate Brazil inshore. Extremely have on the fifth river 巴 of southern world of west pull that river big 瀑 cloth of Su of sublime 伊 melon, Brazil match the quilt 誉 that set up with Paraguay for the biggest water electricity of world that “ century engineering" to stand the 伊泰 the 普 water the electricity to stand and then set up on the 巴 pull that river. Brazil 矿产 the resources is abundant, and primarily there is iron, uranium, aluminum 矾 soil, manganese, petroleum, natural gas and coal etc.. Among them and already clear iron mine sand of 探 the 储 measure to 650 hundred million tons, yield with export to measure to all reside the world the first. Uranium 矿 , aluminum 矾 soil is with the manganese 矿 the 储 measure to all reside the world the third. Technique level that Brazil pull the beautiful the first economic giant, and have forer complete industry system, industry production value to reside to pull the beautiful head. steel, car, build the ship, petroleum, chemical engineering, electric power, make the shoe etc. The profession to possess the great reputation, 核 the electricity, communication, electronics, airplane the manufacturing, information, soldier the work to wait the realm in the world to have already across intoed the world advanced countries the row or column. Brazil is the biggest coffee of world to produce the country with export the country, and have the “ coffee the Kingdom" it call, and the sugar cane is with the orange's yield to also reside the world's head. The soybean yield reside the world the second, corn yield to reside the world the third. Brazil is only next to the United States produce the country with the third candy of Germany's world. Various candy yield annually amount to 800 hundred million. Candy industry year production value is 5 hundred million US$. Every year export the candy 5 ten thousand tons are or so. Livestock husbandry that the national arable land area is roughly 4 hundred million hectares, quilt 誉 are the world 粮 of “ twenty- One centuries 仓 ". Brazil prosper very much, then keep the cow is lord. The 巴 is a big country of South America steel, for the world the country of the sixth 产 steel, steel material export to amount to 1200 ten thousand ton, occupy the total deal of national steel material of 54%. Also pull the ninth car of beautiful the first, world to produce the big country. Point that Brazilianly travel the long and negative 盛 of industry, for the world ten big travel to create the one of the 汇 countries. Primarily travel to church contain 罗 , El Salvador in Rio de Janeiro, saint 保 with the old building, Brazil of thou benefit cloth of second city, 伊 melon Su 瀑 is with the 伊泰普 the water electricity stand, agate 斯 free port, money the city, 巴 pull that 石 the wood with the etc. of big marsh ground.??Currency: Second 尔 of thunder>>>????? Brazil does the sea beach romantic feeling draw the >>>? Brazil 览胜 :(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)

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Second — of Brazil benefit the most young and human culture of the — inheritance
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???? “ coffee Kingdom" is —— Brazil? Pull the beautiful and big country the Brazil with the coffee quality the 优 , flavor is thick but famous world, is biggest coffee in the world to produce the country with export to country, vegetable contain “ coffee the Kingdom" it call.?

????Labor force that Original 产 of coffee is in Africa's 埃塞俄 the ratio is second, and stream into the Brazil in 1727. Coffee that Brazil locate South America the southeast, ground tropical zone and subtropics, the special geography suit to plant the coffee, add with weather term very cheap, the coffee plant the quick rise of industry.19 century, Brazilian plant to almost spread over the whole nation, and again become to keep on the long “ coffee of a century the prosperous period later on". The big area of coffee plant, gave to Brazil brought the wealth with prosper.20Century beginning, Brazil of 7 10 5% that coffee yield occupy the world the total yield is above, from but won the “ coffeed the Kingdom" of beautiful call.?

????The coffee is Brazil an one of the pillars. The whole nation have consumedly small and small coffee plantation 50 ten thousandses, plant the area roughly 220 ten thousand hectare, amount to from the industry population 600 many ten thousand, year 产 coffee 200 ten thousand tons are or so, and the year export to create the 汇 near 20 hundred million US$. in recent years, because of export the constructioning of the variety be in a rut with international coffee market, Brazil coffee produce with export measure to have the descent.

????Emergence, Brazilian that Cool love coffee of Brazilian.60 the age, Brazilian is all the year coffee consume to measure to amount to 5 · 8 kilogram. In the last two decades, along with the other beverage all the coffee consume to measure to still exceed 3 kilogram.In the Brazil, wether in the city or country, the assorted coffee shop is everywhere therefore. People can almost and at any time and anywhere and drink the hot coffee of the thick 郁 fragrance.

????Big country of “ football" is —— Brazil? Brazil is a big country of world football. The football exercise to is not only is Brazil civil of common a fondness for, but also the pride of whole race. Football club that Brazil occupation ball team it is many, it may be said the world's 冠 . Formally register the registration to already have more than 2 10000, be engaged in the number of the football sport to over million. Besides king of baseball shell benefit, Brazil still own the 济 the section, Su's 格 to pull the bottom, card thunder the card, 罗纳 the 尔 many, the tile 尔 is much, Rome the 奥 wait a large quantity the football star of the world class.

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The carnival of second horse Sun originates 17 centuries an only bull legend that rescue, afterwards the native son be used as the cow to revel the symbol of the stanza. Now this festival have become the traditional festival of largest race, pole 富 of Brazil the Indian of the region of second horse Sun the special features. every year draw on the large quantity visitor to come to observe and learn.
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????The news publishes: In 2000, the national newspaper have 500 1485 kindseses, issuance � kinds, magazine measure at 15 more than ten thousand main newspapers and magazineses have: Round- the- World report of 》 , 《 of 》 , 《 saint 保罗 state report of 《 saint 保罗 page report 》 , 《 people 邮 report 》 , 《 the zero order the 》 etc.. The main magazine have: The 《 pleases see the 》 , 《 thises is a 》 , 《 ages 》 etc., all for the weekly magazine.

????According to the covariance, whole nation of the 2001 contain 2965 houses � broadcasting station, among them 1418 houses � frequency modulation set. Big many for private and all, the Brazil broadcast the company for authorities broadcasting station. Large television station contain seven round- the- World sets" amount to for national and biggest privately owned television station, of national 覆 cover 99.77%. Other and bigger privately owned television station contain “ Brazil television net the" and “ class 特兰 virtuous 斯 " wait. What government manage have two house, then national television station is with the educational TV set. the above broadcasting station use the Portuguese language with television station all.?

????Point that Diplomacy: Carry out the independent independence, hands- off do not the foreign policy of the country domestic affairs. Bring up the foreign policy to is for economy to serve. The attention enhance the 同 the relation of nation the third world.?

????With the China relation: Chinese 亭 that many year agos of as early as a hundred in China and Brazil started company with, set upping in the Rio de Janeiro 蒂茹 card national park is for 1812 in the last years this spread the 艺 ' s permanence of Chinese tea agriculture August 15 of memorial.1974 year two countries have diplomatic relation since then, politics, economy, trade, culture, technology cooperation smooth development. Two high layer of countrieses with each other visit multifarious.Jiang Zeming's chairman in 1993 November and visited April in 2001 many 佐s of president's cards of December of Brazil.1995 years, Brazils proceeds to China national affairs interview.2004年5月，卢拉总统对中国进行国事访问，双方签署联合公报。2004Year November, the Hu Jintao's chairman proceeds to Brazil national affairs interview.两国政府为建立长期、稳定、互利的战略伙伴关系作出了不懈努力。1999In year the 巴 unite the first the Earth resources that research to manufacture the satellite blast-off the success.2004年7月，中巴合作生产的支线飞机首次进入我国国内航空市场。Now, Brazil is China at pull beautiful and biggest trading partner, China and is Brazilian and the fourth 贸易伙伴和第三大出口 ? The 2003, double the side trade volume amount to 79.86 hundred million US$.1986年11月24日，北京同里约热内卢结为姊妹城。

Brazil

Federative Republic of Brazil

National name: República Federativa do Brasil

National holiday:Independence Day, 7 September (1822)

Constitution:5 October 1988

Legal system:based on Roman codes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

Suffrage:voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote

Area: 3,286,470 sq mi (8,511,965 sq km)

Population (2005 est.): 186,112,794 (growth rate: 1.1%); birth rate: 16.8/1000; infant mortality rate: 29.6/1000; life expectancy: 71.7; density per sq mi: 57

Capital (2003 est.): Brasília, 2,160,100

Largest cities: São Paulo, 18,847,400 (metro. area), 10,195,000 (city proper); Rio de Janeiro, 11,437,100 (metro. area), 6,119,800 (city proper); Salvador, 2,590,400; Belo Horizonte, 2,347,500; Recife, 1,485,500; Porto Alegre, 1,372,700

Monetary unit: Real

Languages: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, French

Ethnicity/race: white (includes Portuguese, German, Italian, Spanish, Polish) 55%, mixed white and black 38%, black 6%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 1%

Religion: Roman Catholic 80%

Literacy rate: 80% (2003 est.)

Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2004 est.): $1.492 trillion; per capita $8,100. Real growth rate: 5.1%. Inflation: 7.6%. Unemployment: 11.5%. Arable land: 7%. Agriculture: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef. Labor force: 89 million; agriculture 20%, industry 14%, services 66% (2003 est.). Industries: textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment. Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber. Exports: $95 billion (f.o.b., 2004 est.): transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos. Imports: $61 billion (f.o.b., 2004 est.): machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil. Major trading partners: U.S., Argentina, China, Netherlands, Germany, Japan (2003).

Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 38.81 million (2002); mobile cellular: 46,373,300 (2003). Radio broadcast stations: AM 1,365, FM 296, shortwave 161 (of which 91 are collocated with AM stations) (1999). Television broadcast stations: 138 (1997). Internet hosts: 3,163,349 (2003). Internet users: 14.3 million (2002).

Transportation: Railways: total: 29,412 km (1,567 km electrified) (2004). Highways: total: 1,724,929 km; paved: 94,871 km; unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000). Waterways: 50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2004). Ports and harbors: Gebig, Itaqui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, San Sebasttiao, Santos, Sepetiba Terminal, Tubarao, Vitoria. Airports: 4,136 (2004 est.).

International disputes: unruly region at convergence of Argentina-Brazil-Paraguay borders is locus of money laundering, smuggling, arms and illegal narcotics trafficking, and fundraising for extremist organizations; uncontested dispute with Uruguay over certain islands in the Quarai/Cuareim and Invernada boundary streams and the resulting tripoint with Argentina; in 2004 Brazil submitted its claims to UNCLOS to extend its maritime continental margin.

Geography
Brazil covers nearly half of South America and is the continent's largest nation. It extends 2,965 mi (4,772 km) north-south, 2,691 mi (4,331 km) east-west, and borders every nation on the continent except Chile and Ecuador. Brazil may be divided into the Brazilian Highlands, or plateau, in the south and the Amazon River Basin in the north. Over a third of Brazil is drained by the Amazon and its more than 200 tributaries. The Amazon is navigable for ocean steamers to Iquitos, Peru, 2,300 mi (3,700 km) upstream. Southern Brazil is drained by the Plata system—the Paraguay, Uruguay, and Paraná Rivers.

Government
Federal republic.

History
Brazil is the only Latin American nation that derives its language and culture from Portugal. The native inhabitants mostly consisted of the nomadic Tupí-Guaraní Indians. Adm. Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the territory for Portugal in 1500. The early explorers brought back a wood that produced a red dye, pau-brasil, from which the land received its name. Portugal began colonization in 1532 and made the area a royal colony in 1549.

During the Napoleonic Wars, King João VI, fearing the advancing French armies, fled Portugal in 1808 and set up his court in Rio de Janeiro. João was drawn home in 1820 by a revolution, leaving his son as regent. When Portugal tried to reimpose colonial rule, the prince declared Brazil's independence on Sept. 7, 1822, becoming Pedro I, emperor of Brazil. Harassed by his Parliament, Pedro I abdicated in 1831 in favor of his five-year-old son, who became emperor in 1840 (Pedro II). The son was a popular monarch, but discontent built up, and in 1889, following a military revolt, he abdicated. Although a republic was proclaimed, Brazil was ruled by military dictatorships until a revolt permitted a gradual return to stability under civilian presidents.

President Wenceslau Braz cooperated with the Allies and declared war on Germany during World War I. In World War II, Brazil again cooperated with the Allies, welcoming Allied air bases, patrolling the South Atlantic, and joining the invasion of Italy after declaring war on the Axis powers.

After a military coup in 1964, Brazil had a series of military governments. Gen. João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo became president in 1979 and pledged a return to democracy in 1985. The election of Tancredo Neves on Jan. 15, 1985, the first civilian president since 1964, brought a nationwide wave of optimism, but when Neves died several months later, Vice President José Sarney became president. Collor de Mello won the election of late 1989, pledging to lower hyperinflation with free-market economics. When Collor faced impeachment by Congress because of a corruption scandal in Dec. 1992 and resigned, Vice President Itamar Franco assumed the presidency.

A former finance minister, Fernando Cardoso, won the presidency in the Oct. 1994 election with 54% of the vote. Cardoso sold off inefficient government-owned monopolies in the telecommunications, electrical power, port, mining, railway, and banking industries.

In Jan. 1999, the Asian economic crisis spread to Brazil. Rather than prop up the currency through financial markets, Brazil opted to let the currency float, which sent the real plummeting—at one time as much as 40%. Cardoso was highly praised by the international community for quickly turning around his country's economic crisis. Despite his efforts, however, the economy continued to slow throughout 2001, and the country also faced an energy crisis. The IMF offered Brazil an additional aid package in Aug. 2001. And in Aug. 2002, to ensure that Brazil would not be dragged down by neighboring Argentina's catastrophic economic problems, the IMF agreed to lend Brazil a phenomenal $30 billion over fifteen months.

In Jan. 2003, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a former trade union leader and factory worker widely known by the name Lula, became Brazil's first working-class president. As leader of Brazil's only Socialist party, the Workers' Party, Lula pledged to increase social services and improve the lot of the poor. But he also recognized that a distinctly non-socialist program of fiscal austerity was needed to rescue the economy. The president's first major legislative success was a plan to reform the country's debt-ridden pension system, which operated under an annual $20 billion deficit. Civil servants staged massive strikes opposing this and other reforms. Although public debt and inflation remained a problem in 2004, Brazil's economy showed signs of growth and unemployment was down. Polls in Aug. 2004 demonstrated that the majority of Brazilians supported Lula's tough economic reform efforts.

In 2005, an unfolding bribery scandal weakened Lula's administration and led to the resignation of several high government officials. Lula issued a televised apology in August, and promised “drastic measures” to reform the political system.