推荐回答(1个)
首先,正史是没有记载这个故事的,因此只能从其他典籍中考证,由于这个故事来自民间,各种记载出入颇多,因此没有定论。
中国许多古代典籍中都记载了梁祝的故事。唐朝张读的《宣室志》中写道:“英台,上虞祝氏女,伪为男装游学,与会稽梁山伯者同肄业。山伯,字处仁。祝先归。二年,山伯访之,方知其为女子,怅然如有所失。告其父母求聘,而祝已字马氏子矣。山伯后为鄞令,病死,葬鄮城西。祝适马氏,舟过墓所,风涛不能进。问知山伯墓,祝登号恸,地忽自裂陷,祝氏遂并埋焉。晋丞相谢安奏表其墓曰义妇冢。”
宋代张津在《乾道四明图经》中称:“义妇冢,即梁山伯、祝英台同葬之地也,在(鄞)县(西)十里‘接待寺’之后,有庙存焉。……按《十道四藩志》云,义妇祝英台与梁山伯同冢,即其事也。”明代黄润玉在《宁波府简要志》中说:“义妇冢,县西十六里。旧志,梁山伯、祝英台二人少同学,……。后梁山伯为鄞令,卒,葬此,英台道过墓下,泣拜,墓裂而殒,遂同葬焉。东晋丞相谢安奏封为‘义妇冢’。”明代张时彻在《嘉靖61宁波府志》中云:“晋梁山伯,字处仁,家会稽。……山伯后为鄞令,婴疾弗起,遗命葬于鄮城西清道源。”清代徐时栋在《光绪61鄞县志》中称:“梁山伯、祝英台墓,县西十里接待院后,有庙。”
雍正十一年修《宁波府志》卷三六《逸事》载,梁祝故事发生在东晋谢安执政时期,梁山伯为会稽山阴人,祝英台为会稽上虞人。
《鄞县志》和《宁波府志》都有记载:梁山伯为东晋会稽人,曾任鄞县县令,政绩卓著,被奏封为“义忠王”。宋代大观年间明州(现宁波)知府李茂成所撰《义忠王庙记》记载,梁山伯身为当地县令,英年病逝。宁波市高桥镇梁祝墓地附近,有一处名为“九龙墟”。据碑文记载,梁山伯任县令时,因治水积劳成疾,生前嘱人九龙墟为安葬之地。宁波一带还传说,当年为帮助百姓度过饥荒,梁山伯不顾皇帝禁打令开粮仓赈灾。皇帝听信奸臣谗言将梁山伯处死。除了这个传说,还有梁山伯带领百姓治水的情节,在宁波梁圣君庙的壁画中都有表现,而且庙堂内的三个牌匾分别写着:扶伦植纪、保境爱民、风节超然。
梁祝故事应该确有其事,有一个有趣的现象是,中国历史上著名的男扮女装的故事都发生在南北朝时代,这个时期中国妇女的地位较高,妇女广泛的参与社会活动。比如著名的木兰从军,还有南齐的娄逞,也是女扮男装进京读书“编游公卿,仕至扬州议曹从事。事发(齐)明帝驱令还东”,这件事是记入正史的。因此祝英台女扮男装读书的故事应当是有根据的。
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