老子思想的主要特点是什么?你认为它有什么现实意义?
老子思想的主要特点是什么?你认为它有什么现实意义?
推荐回答(3个)
老子的主要思想是“道生万物”的宇宙生成说,把宇宙看成一个自然产生、自然演变的过程,天地万物是依照自然规律发展变化的,而“道”是世界的本源。
老子哲学的精髓是他的朴素辩证法思想,认为天地万物都是相反相成的。“有无相生,难易相成,高下相倾,声音相和,前后相随” ,矛盾双方相互依存,互为条件。
在政治思想上,老子主张“无为”,认为只有无为才能无不为,反映了当时统治者的无力,企图缓和尖锐的社会矛盾。但他对“侯王”的告诫,如“民之饥,以其上食税之多,是以饥”、“民不畏死,奈何以死惧之”却是很精辟的。
老子哲学在中国思想史上有着重要的地位,后代不少哲学家都在不同程度上受到它的影响。自汉以后注释《老子》者不下千家,在中国古籍中是罕见的。老子不但创立了我国三大宗教之一的道教,而且他的思想可以说影响了后来整个中国哲学史的发展,深深地影响了整个封建社会的意识形态。
老子的无为思想对现实社会意义
首先,老子强调了生命的重要价值,“吾所以有大患者,为吾有身,及吾无身,吾有何患?”即使遭受祸患,老子也认为是一件值得庆幸的事,因为“吾有身”。所以老子讲养生,自己也得长寿,庄子亦是如此。反观法家那些实干家、权术家们,如韩非、李斯,几乎都是死于非命。就从这一点上来说,老子的思想就有十分伟大的积极意义。
第二,老子教会人们正确对待生活。生活无非就是成败得失,悲欢离合。在老子看来,一切都是道之所然。我既得道,心也自然,所谓成败,所谓悲欢,皆随他去,我自然,断不会有疯癫、轻生等过激之举。徐老师云:幸福=所得/所欲,所言甚是。老子让人们寡欲而不争,所欲便少,顺天而行,所得便多,如此何恐幸福不大呢!
第三,老子教会人们善待他人。“善行无辙迹,善言无瑕谪;善数不用筹策;善闭无关楗而不可开 ,善结无绳约而不可解。是以圣人常善救人,故无弃人;常善救物,故无弃物。”不仅要求人们善待他人,而且要求无声无息,不被人察觉,这样人人皆自然,社会也会和谐。
第四,反对战争。在老子看来,战争就是人内心不和谐的产物。“夫兵者,不祥之器,物或恶之,故有道者不处。君子居则贵左,用兵则贵右。兵者不祥之器,非君子之器,不得已而用之,恬淡为上。胜而不美,而美之者,是乐杀人。夫乐杀人者,则不可得志于天下矣。”在这段文字里,老子明确指出战争“有道者不处”:一个得道的圣人是不会发动战争的。即使是比圣人低一级的君子也是“不得已而用之,恬淡为上”。在战乱频繁的战国时期,老子能提出这样的见解可见其对社会民生的关注。 随着现代社会的发展,个人的发展问题越来越多,人与人之间的关系日益微妙,社会矛盾逐渐激化,导致这些矛盾产生的根本原因在于过于强调功利,强调竞争。“无为”思想正是一剂良药。如何才能达到“无为”的境界呢?有人说是抑制欲望,而且认为禁欲是对道的坚守。事实并不见得是这样。老子反复强调道要求人顺应自然,欲望是人的自然属性,压抑甚至禁止欲望本质是在违反道的要求。所以还是应该从根本上入手,改变人的追求,使人们切实懂得自由舒畅的心境才是人生追求的终极目标,只有如此人才能活的快乐幸福,社会才能安定和谐。 最后用《道德经》的最后一句话结尾“天之道,利而不害;圣人之道,为而不争。”
老子思想的主要特点是无为而治。我认为老子思想的现实意义是:要学会淡泊名利,知进退,不争之争,顺势而为。
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