为了将混有硫酸钠、碳酸氢铵的氯化钠提纯,并制得纯净的氯化钠溶液,某学生设计如图所示实验. (1)操

2025-03-31 13:54:05
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)加入硝酸钠溶液,硝酸钠和硫酸钠反应生成硫酸钡和硝酸钠,除去了硫酸钠,但引入了硝酸钠等新的杂质,故答案为:不能,用硝酸钡会引入新杂质NO 3 -
(2)加入过量氯化钡溶液除去硫酸根离子,检验硫酸根离子已除尽,可静止片刻在上层清液处,滴加一滴氯化钡溶液,不出现浑浊就说明硫酸根离子已经除尽,
故答案为:取少量上层澄清溶液,再滴加BaCl 2 溶液,如无沉淀出现则说明SO 4 2- 已除尽,反之则有(或其他的方法);
(3)操作③加入碳酸钠溶液,碳酸钠与过量的氯化钠反应生成碳酸钡和氯化钠,除去过量的氯化钡,再过滤;先过滤而后加碳酸钠溶液,在加入碳酸钠溶液后生成的碳酸钡还需要过滤,操作④过滤时需要的玻璃仪器有:玻璃棒、漏斗、烧杯,故答案为:除去过量的Ba 2+ ;玻璃棒、漏斗、烧杯;
(4)此方案不严密,过量的碳酸钠没有除去,得到的溶液中含有氯化钠和过量的碳酸钠两种溶质,致使得到的氯化钠溶液不纯,应加入适量盐酸除去碳酸钠,再加热煮沸,故答案为:不严密,没有除去过量的Na 2 CO 3

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