电解铅是什么,它的用途是什么(举例生活中用到的),国家限制生产吗,谢谢!
推荐回答(2个)
主要用途:制造蓄电池、铅板、电缆套、红丹铅白、汽油防爆剂、合金、子弹头、原子反应堆、熔断保险丝、冶金和化工原料、防腐耐酸衬、原子反应堆、X射线防护层和防护屏等,应用于军工、原子能技术、冶金、化工、电子、轻工、农药、医药、石油等部门。
具体市场情况、生产情况你可参考文献。
《2010-2015年中国电解铅行业市场分析及发展前景预测报告》
电解铅的冶炼工艺流程
铅冶金是白银生产的最佳载体:一般铅对金银的捕集回收率都在95%以上,因此金银的回收是与铅的生产状况直接相关的。现在世界上约有80%的原生粗铅是采用传统的烧结一鼓风炉熔炼工艺方法生产的。传统法技术成熟,较完善可靠,其不足之处在于脱硫造块的烧结过程中,烧结烟气的SO2浓度较低,硫的回收利用尚有一定难度,鼓风炉熔炼需要较昂贵的冶金焦炭。为了解决上述问题,冶金工作者进行了炼铅新工艺的研究。八十年代以来,相继出现了QSL法、闪速熔炼法、TBRC转炉顶吹法、基夫赛特汉和艾萨熔炼法等新的炼铅方法。其中,QSL法是德国鲁奇公司七十年代开发的直接炼铅新工艺,加拿大、韩国和我国虽然先后购买了此专利建厂,但生产效果不甚理想;闪速熔炼法尚未实现工业化生产;TBRC法是瑞典波里顿公司所创,但此法作业为间断性的,且炉衬腐蚀严重;基夫赛特法由原苏联有色金属研究院研究成功,现已有多个厂家实现了工业化生产,是一种各项指标先进、技术成熟可靠的炼铅新工艺,但采用该法单位投资大,只有用于较大生产规模的工厂时,才能充分发挥其效益。
艾萨炼铅技术基于由上方插入的赛罗浸没喷枪将氧气喷射入熔体。产生涡动熔池,让强烈的氧化反应或者还原反应迅速发生。在第一段,熔炼炉产出的高铅渣经过流槽送还原炉,氧化脱硫所产的烟气经除尘后送制酸系统。在第二段还原炉中,所产粗铅和弃渣从排放口连续放出,并在传统的前床中分离,所产烟气进行除尘处理后经烟囱排放。
艾萨法熔炼流程。该工艺流程先进,对原料适应性广、生产规模可大可小,比较灵活、指标先进、SO2烟气浓度高,可解决生产过程中烟气污染问题;同时冶炼过程得到强化,金银捕集率高,余热利用好,能耗低。它不仅适应308厂铅银冶炼的改建要求,而且能够对我国的银铅冶金生产和技术进步起到推动作用,故推荐引进艾萨法作为本项目粗铅冶炼生产工艺的第一方案。
传统的鼓风烧结——鼓风炉法虽然在烟气制酸方面尚有一定困难,但近年来,我国株洲冶炼厂、沈阳冶炼厂、济源冶炼厂等大型铅厂的改扩建工程仍然采用此法,是因为它具有建设快、投产、达产快的优点。
粗铅精炼工艺有火法和电解法两种。一般来说,电解法对银、金、铋和锑的分离效果好,铅、银等金属的回收率高,劳动条件好,机械化自动化程度高。电解法的缺点是基建投资较火法高。采用火法需要处理大量中间产物,能耗较高,致使其生产成本较电解法高。鉴于本项目粗铅含银、铋等金属较多。
常规方法处理铅阳极泥是采用火法——电解法流程获得金、银,渣进行还原熔炼,精炼得精铋等,流程简单、技术成熟,工人易操作,但有价金属回收率不高,锑、铅呈氧化物形态挥发进入烟尘,不但不便于综合回收,而且造成第二次污染。
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