乾隆青花瓷器真假有什么特征 百度知道

2025-04-07 02:34:31
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

通过对北京故宫博物院收藏的清乾隆青花瓷器整理和研究,综合归纳出以下几个特点:
一、胎釉 胎体洁白细腻,瓷质坚密,胎壁比雍正青花略厚,釉面匀净,多数是青白釉,少量为粉白釉,光泽莹润,
二、青料 乾隆青花在清代素以“稳定、浑厚、沉着”而著称,使用国产上等浙料烧制,乾隆早期青花发色与雍正青花差别不大,许多青花瓷器的青料描绘上加重点染纹饰,有橘皮纹、晕散和黑色斑点,主要是仿明代永乐、宣德青花“苏泥勃青”的艺术效果,乾隆中晚期青花发色同样浓重艳丽,但晕散现象逐渐减少,乾隆青花也有一些淡描或纯蓝色的以及浆胎青花,但数量不多。
除了传统的白地青花外,乾隆青花还是派生出许多新品种,把原有的传统工艺提高到一个崭新的阶段,如青花红彩、青花加紫、青花胭脂彩、青花油红、青花斗彩、青花粉彩加金、青花描金、青花釉里红、黄地青花、哥釉青花、天蓝地青花、冬青釉青花、豆青地青花、哥釉青花加紫、冬青釉青花加紫、米色釉青花、蓝地青花加紫、蓝地白花、洒蓝地开光青花、仿木纹青花等,其中青花红彩、青花加紫、青花釉里红这三个品种传世较多。
三、造型 既有继承前朝康熙、雍正青花式样,也有仿制明代永乐、宣德青花式样,仿古铜器式样,外销式样,还有创新式样,造型千姿百态,应有尽有,主要是日常生活用瓷、陈设观赏瓷、文房用具等,整体讲究上下对称、规矩,由于创意追求精、奇、巧,所以浑厚古拙程度不如康熙青花柔媚、俊秀程度不如雍正青花,但在工艺技巧上远远超过了康、雍青花。
盘碗类:有圆口、敞口、花口、菱花口、板沿镂空、腰圆形、高足形,攒盘(9件)、暖盘、盖碗等,器足一般比雍正青花宽厚,足根有滚圆和矢状两种,前者居多,但不如雍正青花的足根圆滑。

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