Fear
Fear is often preceded by astonishment, and is so far akin to it, that both lead to the senses of sight and hearing being instantly aroused. In both cases the eyes and mouth are widely opened, and the eyebrows raised. The frightened man at first stands like a statue motionless and breathless, or crouches down as if instinctively to escape observation. The heart beats quickly and violently, so that it palpitates or knocks against the ribs... That the skin is much affected under the sense of great fear, we see in the marvelous manner in which perspiration immediately exudes from it... The hairs also on the skin stand erect; and the superficial muscles shiver. In connection with the disturbed action of the heart, the breathing is hurried. The salivary glands act imperfectly; the mouth becomes dry, and is often opened and shut.
The facial expression of fear includes the widening of the eyes (out of anticipation for what will happen next); the pupils dilate (to take in more light); the upper lip rises, the brows draw together, and the lips stretch horizontally. The physiological effects of fear can be better understood from the perspective of the sympathetic nervous responses (fight-or-flight), as compared to the parasympathetic response, which is a more relaxed state. Muscles used for physical movement are tightened and primed with oxygen, in preparation for a physical fight-or-flight response. Perspiration occurs due to blood being shunted from body's viscera to the peripheral parts of the body. Blood that is shunted from the viscera to the rest of the body will transfer, along with oxygen and nutrients, heat, prompting perspiration to cool the body. When the stimulus is shocking or abrupt, a common reaction is to cover (or otherwise protect) vulnerable parts of the anatomy, particularly the face and head. When a fear stimulus occurs unexpectedly, the victim of the fear response could possibly jump or give a small start. The person's heart-rate and heartbeat may quicken.
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Fear can be widely classified into two types: external fear and internal fear.
External fear is caused by something out of you which you are strongly motivated to avoid, for example: fear of spiders.
Internal fear is something outside of you that you link a negative emotion, for example: fear developed out of low self esteem.
Fear can be described with different terms in relation to the degree of fear that is experienced. It varies from mild caution to extreme phobia and paranoia. Fear is related to a number of additional cognitive and emotional states including worry, anxiety, terror, horror, panic, and dread. Experiences of fear can remain long after exposure in the unconscious mind, where they may then manifest as nightmares, or, in an even stronger form, night terrors. Fear may also be experienced within a larger group or social network, and may be compounded by social influence and become mass hysteria. Some pathologies related to fear (defined by persistent and irrational fears) can include different types of anxiety disorder which are very common, and also other more severe illnesses like the extreme phase of bipolar disorder and some kinds of schizophrenia.
The experience of distrust can be explained as a feeling of mild fear or caution, usually in response to an unfamiliar or potentially dangerous person. Distrust may occur as a feeling of warning towards someone or something that is questionable or unknown. For example, one may distrust a stranger who acts in a way that is perceived as odd or unusual. Likewise, one may distrust the safety of a rusty old bridge across a 100-foot drop. Distrust may serve as an adaptive, early warning signal for situations that could lead to greater fear and danger. Reassurance can usually dissolve a fear like this e.g. repeatedly doing something to gain trust in it.
Terror is an acute and pronounced form of fear. It is an overwhelming sense of immediate personal danger. It can also be caused by perceiving the object of a phobia. Terror may overwhelm a person to the point of making irrational choices and atypical behavior. Paranoia is a term used to describe a psychosis of fear. It is experienced as long-standing feelings and perceptions of being persecuted. Paranoia is an extreme emotional state combined with cognitions or, more specifically, delusions that one is in danger. This degree of fear may indicate that a person has changed his or her normal behavior in extreme or maladaptive ways.
巍巍高山吓不倒勇往直前的攀登者,浩瀚大海阻不住搏击风浪的水手,茫茫雪原止不住意志坚定的考察队,漫天黄沙更困不住无所畏惧的探险家。生活给我们出了许多难题,这就需要我们用正确的态度去对待,是勇往直前,或是畏惧不前,则应靠我们的主观选择。
勇敢是一种智慧。众所周知,李剑英16秒牺牲的感人故事。16秒,短短的时间内,正常生活中的我们很少在乎这16秒,而把目光定位在更久远的时间内,而李剑英呢?在这6秒内,他为了保全7个自然村,宁愿选择迫降,宁愿放弃生的机会,也不愿使飞机摧毁村庄,于是就这样他牺牲了。烟笼大地,声震蓝天,星陨大地,魂归长天。他有22年飞行生涯,可是命运只给他16秒!他是一名军人,自然把生命的天平向人民倾斜。飞机无法转弯,他只能让自己的生命改变航向。面对危险,这勇敢无畏是一种智慧。
畏惧是一种本性。生活在这万千变化的世界,怎能不有所畏惧呢?挫折面前,许许多多的人选择了放弃。之所以如此,无非是因为个人的心理因素罢了。这是缺少自信的表现,只想如何保护自己,从不考虑挑战自己。有位名人曾说过,自己把自己打败了才是真正的勇者。确实如此,挫折并不可怕,可怕的是自己缺乏勇气。
勇与畏相融,是人生的一种境界。奥运赛场上,运动员们勇于为国争光,可是他们的路程并非一帆风顺。面对强敌,他们害怕对手会超越自己,可是在这种情形下,他们没有退缩,而是更加加倍努力,超越挑战自己,自己没有极限,挑战才有极限。勇与畏相融,构成了一种动力,带着自己向前冲。
每个人都可以成为勇者,不畏惧独自穿越狭长黑黑的隧道,不指望一双怜恤的手送来廉价的资助,将血肉之躯铸成一支英勇无畏的箭,义无反顾地射向寥廓美丽的长天。
可以从畏惧之心写起