关于英语从句

英语从句
首先你要弄清什么是定语`表语`同位语`主语`宾语`
没有谓语从句
从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点
从句的根本是“从属连词+ 陈述语序”。
各种从句：
I. 定语从句。
1） 先行词是名词。
2） 定语从句跟在名词后。是修饰名词的。
3） 与中文顺序相反。
4） 定语从句的组成是：连词+主+谓+宾。
5） 连词在从句里可以作主语、宾语、状语等。
6） 当先行词的名词表示人时，后面的连词用who+v/(whom)+s+v/whose+N+s+v.
当先行词的名词表示物时，后面的连词用which/that ,whose.
7） 连词前可以有介词。
8） 不许用what
1. All the people who work on a newspaper must be able to work fast.
2. Corn is a useful plant which can be eaten by both people and animals.
3. I have a friend whose cousin is a tennis player.
4. The boy lived in a part of town where there were no schools.
5. During the hurricane, one of the tree branches broke the bed in which
the girl had been sleeping.
II. 名词从句。起名词作用。=名词
1. 主语从句。
1） 在主语位置上。
2） 组成：连词+主语+谓语+宾语
3） 连词不可省
4） 不许用if
When we’ll go to school is still a question.
2. 宾语从句。
1） 在宾语位置上。在动词后。
2） 组成：（连词）+主语+谓语+宾语
3）连词可省
The doctor asked the patient what he had had for lunch.
3. 表语从句。
1） 在表语位置上。在系/be动词后。
2） 组成：连词+主语+谓语+宾语
3）连词不可省
4）不许用if
He lost his key. The reason is that he was too careless.
4. 同位语从句。
1） 在名词后。说明名词的内容。
2） 组成：名词+[连词+主语+谓语+宾语]
3）连词不可省
4) 只用that, when, where, why。不用which.
5) 只有一些词才用。请看Unit17.
同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。例如：
He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is
not in good health.
His failure was due to the fact that he had not practised
for a long time.
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
He made a promise that he would never come late.
注意：
that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句，其区别在于：同位语从句由连接词that引导，连接词that本身无意义，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，不可省略，不可以用其他词替代；定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分，作宾语时可省略，由when, why, where引导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于：
同位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用，没有指代作用； 定语从句由关系副词引导，关系副词具有指代先行词的作用，常用一个介词加关系代词替换。
例如:I will never forget the day when we first met.
（同位语从句, when为连接词）
That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget.
（定语从句，which/that为关系副词）
This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago.
（同位语从句, where为连接词）
This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago.
（定语从句，where为关系副词）
The news that our team won the game made us happy.
III. 状语从句。连词+主语+谓语+宾语
1. 时间状语从句。
When I was away, my son looked after the dog.
2. 地点状语从句。
Put the book where it is.
3. 原因状语从句。
He was late, because he didn’t catch the bus.
4. 条件状语从句。
If it’s fine, we’ll go to the park.
5. 让步状语从句。
Although I’m tired, I’m very happy.
6. 目的状语从句。
We got up early so that we could get there on time.
7. 结果状语从句.
I was so frightened that I couldn’t say a word.
8. 比较状语从句中，常将从句中与主句中的相同成分省略。如：
(1) The weather in the south is much better than in the north. = The weather in the south is much better than the weather in the north is good. 南方的天气比北方的天气好多了。
(2) The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was twenty years ago. = The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was beautiful twenty years ago. 你今天所看到的北京比二十年前的北京漂亮多了。
注意：当比较的主句和从句都为及物动词带宾语时，从句省略后，留下的代词用主格或宾格时，意思不同。如：
He likes the dog better than she. 他比她更喜欢那条狗。
He likes the dog better than her. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢她。
因此，从句的主语若为名词，省略谓语部分后须加助动词do 的适当形式，否则就会产生歧义。如：
He likes his dog better than his wife does. 他比他的妻子更喜欢那条狗。
He likes his dog better than his wife. 他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢他的妻子。