日语中什么时候用浊音?

2025-03-25 21:54:40
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

浊音便,又叫连浊,除“が,ま,な,ば”行五段动词的イ音便,ン音便的后续词“て,たり,た”等发生连浊外,还发生在下列场合:

1、在复合词中,后续词的首音在“カ,サ,タ,ハ”行上时,一般由清音变成浊音。
o 针 + 金 -> はり + かね -> はりがね (金属丝)
o 小 + 猿 -> こ + さる -> こざる (小猴子)
o 三日 + 月 -> みか + つき -> みかづき (月牙)
o 火 + 箸 -> ひ + はし -> ひばし (火筷子)

但亦有例外,当前后位词处于并列关系或后位词第二音节以下有浊音时,不发生连浊:
o 卖り + 买い -> うりかい (买卖)
o 花 + かご -> はなかご (花笼)

2、在复合词中前位词最后一个假名为“ん”时,往往发生浊音或半浊音便其中数词主要在三与“カ,サ,ハ”行假名为首音,或千与“ハ”行假名为首音的助数词结合时发生。如:
o 本 + 箱 -> ほん + はこ -> ほんばこ (书箱)
o 人 + 间 -> にん + けん -> にんげん (人)
o 三 + 轩 -> さん + けん -> さんげん (三所房屋)
o 铅 + 笔 -> えん + ひつ -> えんぴつ (铅笔)
o 千 + 编 -> せん + へん -> せんぺん (一千篇)

但上述规律并非绝对,不发生浊音化的词也不少。如:
o 勉强 -> べんきょう
o 简单 -> かんたん
o 洗濯 -> せんたく
o 算式 -> さんしき

3、叠形词,日语称为“叠语”因前后词重叠紧密,后位词典首音浊化:

o 仄 + 仄 -> ほの + ほの -> ほのぼの
o 遥 + 遥 -> はる + はる -> はるばる
o 其 + 其 -> それ + それ -> それぞれ
o 重ね + 重ね -> かさね + かさね -> かさねがさね

但也不尽然,有些拟声,拟态的副词就不浊化。如:
o 木の叶ガ风に吹かれてさらさらと鸣った。
(树叶被风吹得飒飒作响)
o 老人がそろそろと步いている。

回答2:

日语不是想用浊音的时候就用浊音的,没有这方面的区分。只是根据语法来的。
1、有的单词里面本身含浊音。如:具体 ぐたい
2、助词里面含浊音。如: 主格助词が、补格助词で 等。

有的时候虽然两个清音相连,也会发生连浊现象,变成浊音。
如:
番ばん + 组くみ=番组 ばんぐみ

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