氯气是一种重要的化工原料,自来水的消毒、农药的生产、药物的合成都需要用氯气.I.工业上通常采用电解

2025-03-02 03:17:48
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

Ⅰ.(1)电解饱和食盐水的化学方程式是:2NaCl+2H2O

 通电 
 
2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑,
故答案为:2NaCl+2H2O
 通电 
 
2NaOH+H2↑+Cl2↑;
(2)b侧产生的气体是氯气,能使湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝,
故答案为:移走烧杯,将湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸放在b导气管口处,若试纸变蓝,则说明产生的气体为Cl2
Ⅱ(1)反应MnO2+4HCl(浓)
  △  
 
MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O中,Mn元素化合价由+4价降低到+2价,Cl元素化合价由-1价升高,该反应的电子转移方向和数目可表示为;氯化氢在反应中既表现酸性又表现还原性,4mol氯化氢参加反应,表现为酸性的占
1
2
,若在标准状态下收集到22.4升的氯气,物质的量为:
22.4L
22.4L/mol
=1mol,依据方程式可知参加反应的盐酸有4mol,被氧化的氯化氢为2mol,
故答案为:;2mol;
(2)氯气和氢氧化钙反应的化学方程式为:2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O;
故答案为:2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O;
(3)氯气有毒,不能直接排放到空气中,
故答案为:吸收未反应完的氯气,防止污染空气;
(4)①依据信息可知温度较高时氯气与消石灰反应生成Ca(ClO32,为为避免此副反应的发生应该冷却B装置;
故答案为:冷却B装置;
②挥发出的氯化氢能够与氢氧化钙发生酸碱中和反应,方程式为:2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O;要避免此反应的发生应该除去氯气中的氯化氢,可以在A与B之间连接一个装有饱和氯化钠溶液的洗气瓶,
故答案为:2HCl+Ca(OH)2=CaCl2+2H2O;在A与B之间连接一个装有饱和氯化钠溶液的洗气瓶.

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