助动词 do有四种用法
一、构成否定句(略)
二、构成疑问句(略)
三、用于强调,如:
I do want to be sure. 我确实想肯定。
Do be still! 安静!
He did be at home then. 当时他确实在家。
四、代替上文的实义动词或整个谓语部分以避免重复
1、代替一个动词,(正如你所你理解的以下例句)
He plays betterthan he did a year ago. 他的球比一年前打得好了。(代替played)
She works harderthan he does.她工作比他努力。(代替 works)
Who won?I did. 谁赢了?我。(代替 won)
2、代替谓语部分(如你所举得例句)
He has morefriends than I do. ( 代替上文已有的语言信息 have friends)
He runs fasterthan I do (代替上文已有的语言信息 runfast)
Some people goto school by bike, others don't. (用否定式代替上文已有的语言信息 go to school bybike)
需要注意的是:上下文时态或人称不一致,需要用助动词 do 的相应的时态或人称取代;下文有新出现的语言信息,该信息不能或缺。如:
He plays betterthan he did a year ago. (did 与上文的 plays 时态不一致,a year ago 是上文没有的语言信息)
He has morebooks than he has done before. (has done 与上文的 has 时态不一致,before 是上文没有的语言信息)
She works harderthan I do. (do 与上文的 works 的人称不一致)
这些do都是代替,后半部分中带do的句子都省略了宾语。最后两句应分别为She does...和She likes...