微生物检测或鉴定技术或方法有哪些

2025-03-15 08:39:01
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

微生物检测或鉴定技术或方法有哪些
通过显微镜直接观察。一般来说,在一定的培养条件下(相同的培养基、温度以及培养时间),同种微生物表现出稳定的菌落特征。这些特征包括菌落的形状、大小、隆起程度和颜色等方面。(见高中生物选系1《生物技术实践》图2-8)因此可以通过显微镜观察菌落特征对微生物种类进行判断。
使用选择培养基培养微生物或人为提供有利于目的菌株生长的条件。选择培养基,顾名思义其作用是允许特定种类的微生物生长,同时抑制或阻止其他微生物生长。例如,使用以尿素作为唯一氮源的培养基能够培养出可合成脲酶的微生物;在培养基中PH调至酸性有利于霉菌的生长繁殖(抑制细菌的生命活动)等。选择培养一般是通过观察微生物的同化作用类型或某一特征进行间接判断,得到的微生物往往并不只有一种,但是能够大致确定这些微生物存在的共有特征从而对其分类。
使用鉴别培养基。即根据微生物的代谢特点,在培养基中加入某种指示剂或化学药品。例如,水质检验中大肠杆菌的检验(大肠杆菌的存在数量用以衡量水被粪便污染的程度)就用到了伊红—美蓝试剂,该试剂与水或乳制品中的大肠杆菌反应出现深紫色且带有金属光泽,属于大肠杆菌的特征反应。与选择培养相比,鉴别培养基的鉴别所得结果的范围比较小,一般可直接测定某微生物的种类。

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