足球规则介绍 中英文都要（简短）

比赛分为两队参加，每队11人（一般情况下，比赛期间每队允许替换三名替补球员），其中必须有1名守门员。全场比赛为90分钟，分为上、下两个半场，每半场45分钟。

上、下半场之间的休息时间不得超过15分钟。比赛中有1名主裁判和2名边线裁判，每个半场，主裁判可以根据场上的伤病和换人耗时情况进行补时。

如果比赛必须决出胜负，则90分钟内两队若打平，进行上下半时各为15分钟的加时赛，若依然打平，则通过罚点球分出胜负。

The game is divided into two teams, each team has 11 players (generally, each team is allowed to replace three substitute players during the game), and one goalkeeper must be included.

 The game is 90 minutes, divided into the first half and the second half, each half 45 minutes. The break time between the first half and the second half shall not exceed 15 minutes. There is one chief referee and two sideline referees in the game. 

In each half court, the chief referee can make up time according to the injury on the field and the time spent in changing players.

If the game has to be decided, then if the two teams draw within 90 minutes, the first half and the second half are 15 minutes of extra time. If they still draw, the penalty kick will be used to determine the winner or loser.

扩展资料

足球的前身起源于中国古代山东淄州（今淄博市）的球类游戏“蹴鞠”，后经阿拉伯人由中国传至欧洲，逐渐演变发展为现代足球。现代足球始于英国。1848年，足球运动历史上第一部文字形式的规则《剑桥规则》诞生。

1863年10月26日，英格兰成立了世界上第一所足球协会，并统一了足球运动的竞赛规则。

1872年，英格兰与苏格兰之间举行了足球史上第一次协会间的正式比赛。1900年，在第二届夏季奥林匹克运动会中，足球被列入正式项目。

足球在全球被广泛译为“Football”，只有在美国等极少数国家被译为“Soccer”，而“Football”在美国、加拿大被指为“美式橄榄球”。 

足球的最高组织机构为国际足球联合会，成立于1904年，总部设于瑞士苏黎世。现代足球最高竞技赛事为国际足联世界杯、欧洲足球锦标赛、欧洲冠军联赛等足球赛事。

足球比赛规则由国际足球协会理事会（IFAB）制定并修改，是正规足球比赛所必须遵守的规则。

The rules of football match are formulated and revised by the Council of International Football Association (IFAB), which are the rules that must be followed in regular football matches.

从距每个球门柱内侧16.5米（18码）处，画两条垂直于球门线的线。

Five meters (yards) from the inside of each goal post, draw two lines perpendicular to the goal line.

这些线伸向比赛场地内16.5（18码）米，与一条平行于球门线的线相连接。

These lines extend into the field of play. Five meters (or yards) and connect to a line parallel to the goal line.

由这些线和球门线组成的区域范围才是罚球区。

The area woven by these lines and goal lines is the free throw area.

扩展资料

计胜方法

1、进球得分

当球的整体从球门柱间及横梁下越过球门线，而此前未违反竞赛规则，即为进球得分。

2、获胜的队

在比赛中进球数较多的队为胜者。如两队进球数相等或均未进球，则比赛为平局。

3、竞赛规程

竞赛规程应说明，若比赛结束为平局，是否采用决胜期或国际足球理事会同意的其他步骤以决定比赛的胜者。

参考资料来源：百度百科-足球比赛规则

Fairplay in football
Basics of football
The Laws of the Game-Field of play
The ball
Number of players
Equipment

Referee
The referee adjudicates the match in collaboration with two linesmen (properly referred to as ‘referee’s assistants’) and a fourth official, situated on the touchline, if necessary. The referee’s tasks include acting as a timekeeper (although with advice on the amount of ‘injury time’ to be added on to the 45 minutes each half to compensate for injuries and other stoppages), awarding free kicks and penalties and generally dealing with anything requiring a ruling. Can also choose to allow play to proceed in case of a foul, providing there is an ‘advantage’ to be gained by the team against which the foul has been committed.

Assistant referees
Follow play from their respective touch lines and help to decide on throw-ins, corner kicks and goalkicks along with offside decisions (although naturally the referee has the final say). Can also draw the referee’s attention and advise on or alert him/her to any on-field activity, which can influence all manner of decisions. To signify their decision or grab the referee’s attention, they wave a brightly coloured small flag, which they keep at all times.

Duration of the match
The match officially lasts 90 minutes, split into two 45-minute halves with a half-time interval of no longer than 15 minutes.

In the knock-out stages of competitions, extra-time is used if there is no winner after 90 minutes. This extra period is 30 minutes, split into two 15 minute halves. If extra-time does not find a winner, then a penalty shoot-out takes place, where five players from each team are selected and alternate shots on goal from the penalty spot against the opposition goalkeeper. In that instance, the team with the most successful penalties is declared the winner. If they are still tied then they will move on to sudden-death penalties, where each team will take one penalty until one of the two sides has scored move than the other after the side amount of spot kicks.

Start and restart of play
A coin toss takes place just before the game starts, the winner of which will get the choice of choosing which end to attack or whether to kick-off. Should they choose to kick-off then the other captain will be allowed elect which end to attack in the first half. Should the winner decide to choose which end to attack then the loser can choose whether to kick-off in the first or second half.

The kick-off is also used after a goal has been scored, the task befalling the team who has conceded, and for both halves of extra-time.

At the kick-off, players from each side must all be in their half of the field. The actual kick-off takes place on the centre spot in the centre circle. The player who kicks off cannot touch it again until another player has made contact.

Scoring
A team can only score if the whole ball crosses the goal line between the goalposts. The winner is the team who scores more goals, except in a competition where the ‘away goals’ rule applies. The ‘away goals’ rule means that, if a team scores a goal away from their home stadium, the goal counts extra (therefore, a 1-1 scoreline would mean the away team wins).

Offside
The perennial problem for newcomers to football is understanding the offside rule. This is made somewhat harder by the fact there are two elements to offsides in football; being in an offside position, and committing an offside offence.

To be in an offside position is to be closer to the opponent’s goal than the last opposition outfield player (therefore excluding the goalkeeper) and the ball. However, to commit an offside offence is to have the ball played forward towards you while in that position. As such, you can be in an offside position and not commit an offside offence.
弧线球 足球运动技术名词。指使球呈弧线运行的踢球技术。足球在运行中，由于强烈旋转，使两侧的空气发生差异而形成。由于球呈弧线形运行，故俗称“香蕉球”。踢弧线球时，脚击球的部位应偏离球的重心。常用于绕过位于传球路线中间的防守队员，或射门中迷惑守门员，使之产生错误判断。罚直接任意球时，用弧线球射门已是得分的一种重要方法。

鱼跃扑球 足球技术名词。守门员的一种难度较高的扑球技术。以与球同侧的一脚用力蹬地，异侧腿屈膝提摆，使身体跃出腾空扑球。因是腾身侧面跃出，增大了控制的范围，故能扑出用其他动作难以扑到的球。

清道夫 足球比赛中承担特定防守任务的拖后中卫之别称。1966年第8届世界足球锦标赛，在“固守稳攻”的战术思想影响下，为了加强防守，于后卫线后面安排一个队员，其职责是只守不攻，执行单一的补位防守任务，“打清”攻到本方球门前的来球，因而得名。

自由人 足球比赛“一三三三”阵型中拖后中卫的别称。防守是无固定的看守对象，可机动灵活地补位救险，从而使其他队员，特别是3个后卫在盯人时无后顾之忧。是清道夫踢法的发展，不仅要守，而且要伺机插入进攻第一线。根据职责，要求担当“自由人”的队员技术全面，战术意识强，比赛经验丰富，是组织、指挥防守的核心。

全攻全守 足球运动战术之一。一个队除守门员之外的10名队员都在进攻和防守的职责，称为“全攻全守”。根据比赛中攻与守的需要，每个队员都可到任何一个位置上发挥这一位置队员的作用。这一战术打破了阵式对队员的束缚，能充分调动和发挥队员的积极性的才能。同时，对队员在身体素质、技术、战术和意志品质、战斗作风诸方面，也提出了更高的要求。1974年第10届世界足球锦标赛中，出现了这种打法，被誉为国际足球史上的第三次变革。

下底传中 足球运动进攻战术之一。指边线进攻中，通过个人带球突破，或集体配合把球推到对方端线附近，然后长传至对方球门前的战术方法。攻方在快速推进中，常乘对方防线阵脚未稳时，采用此法中间包抄以射门得分。

外围传中 也称“45°角传中”。足球运动进攻战术之一。当攻方有球队员在边线附近与对方球门约成45°角的地区时，用过顶长传把球传向处于对方罚球区附近的同伴，供同伴用头顶球连续进攻，称为“外围传中”。尤其在守方队员已及时退回，且密集在球门前30—40米的地区，通向对方球门的路已被封住，或攻方有身材高大、争顶球能力强的前锋队员时，动用这种打法可取得较好的效果。

交叉换位 足球运动战术术语。比赛中进攻队员为了摆脱对方的防守，在跑动中左右换位的战术配合方法。最常见的有：左侧的队员疾跑至右侧的队员前接球，右侧队员传球后，交叉跑到左侧位置。这一战术配合改变了队员只在本位置范围内活动的踢法，使之战术更变化多端。

长传突破 足球运动进攻战术之一。运用远距离传球突破对方防线的战术方法。当代足球比赛中，多用于快速反击时。防守队员在本方球门前抢截得球，利用对方压上进攻后不及回防的时机，长传给突前的同伴，以突破对方的防线。

插上进攻 足球运动进攻战术之一。指位于第二、第三线的前卫、后卫队员，插入第一线参加进攻的战术方法。因有纵深距离，故容易摆脱对方的防守，且第二、第三线队员的插上具有较大的隐蔽和突然性。因此，更具威胁性。后卫插入前锋线直接参加进攻是全攻全守战术的一个重要标志。

区域防守 足球运动防守战术之一。每一队员根据位置划分一定的防守区域，在划定的范围内，主要采用站位的防守方法，而不紧逼盯人。这使进攻队传接球比较容易，且在同一区域内出现两个以上进攻队员时，防守就感困难。这一防守战术比较被动，已不能适应足球运动发展的需要，现已很少采用。

补位 足球运动战术术语。比赛中集体防守的一种配合方法。指防守中本队一个队员被对手突破时，另一队员前去封堵。两人补位是集体防守配合的基础。防守队员相互间保持适当的距离和角度，是进行及时补位的前提。过去主要指后卫线队员防守时的配合。当代足球采用全攻全守战术，补位的内容也有了相应的发展。担任锋与卫的队员之间在一次进攻中相互位置交换，也成为补位的重要内容之一，从而对补位队员的技术战术意识提出了更高的要求。

密集防守 防守战术之一。球门前的30米区域常被称为“危险地带”。比赛中，双方为了稳固防守，往往组织相当多的人把守这一区域，形成密集状态，以加强保护，减少空隙，阻住对方的突破，称为密集防守战术。

造越位 是一种防守战术。根据规则：进攻队员在接球时，如与对方端线之间防守队不足2人时则为越位。防守队员利用这一规定，在对方传球中，另一队员将触及球的瞬间，突然向前一跑，造成对方接球队员与本方端线之间有一个防守队员的局面，使对方越位犯规。

反越位战术 这是针对对方“造越位”战术而采取的一种进攻战术。当进攻队员觉察到防守者用制造越位的战术破坏本方的进攻时，及时改变传球方向，让在后面的队员插上接球或自己直接带球快速推进射门，从而使对方退防不及。

篱笆战术 也称人墙战术。在自己门前危险区域内，当对方罚任意球时，几个防守队员并排成“人篱笆”，以帮助守门员封住对方射门的部分角度。

撞墙式 比赛中进攻时的一种过人战术，即形成两人过一人局面时，二人一传一切，接球再传者一次出球，使传球者传来的球像撞在墙上一样，从而加快过人速度，故名。

世界性足球比赛主要有奥林匹克运动会足球赛和世界杯足球赛。世界杯足球赛是最引人注目的，也是重视程度最高、争夺最激烈的足球赛。此外，还有地区性足球赛，如欧洲杯足球赛、亚洲杯足球赛等。

写作思路：从介绍足球的写作目的、中心主旨入手，以使文章中心思想鲜明、深刻地表现出来，正文：

Football is the world’s most popylar sport. We play football at the playground. We also have fun when we play football. We also call it soccer.

足球是世界上最流行的运动。我们在操场踢足球。我们踢足球时也很开心。我们也称之为足球。

Our students must do exercises everyday to stay healthy, and I’ve found that play football is a very good way to stay healthy. Football players must be rugged.

我们的学生必须每天锻炼以保持健康，我发现踢足球是保持健康的一个很好的方法。足球运动员必须强壮。

It’s one of the most popular sports all over the world. We can run on the ground for a long time and we also can prove our friendship with the members of our team.

这是全世界最受欢迎的运动之一。我们可以在地面上跑很长时间，我们也可以证明我们与团队成员的友谊。

More and more people like watching football matches. They can’t sleep or eat when their teams are playing. They shout for their players. I think many Chinese football players have done better match after match. 

越来越多的人喜欢看足球比赛。当他们的球队比赛时，他们不能睡觉或吃饭。他们为自己的球员呐喊。我认为许多中国足球运动员在一场又一场比赛中表现得更好。

But we will have a long way to go to Asia and to the world. We should learn from foreign teams. Foreign players and coaches must be invited. Dalian Wanda, Shanghai Shenhua and Guangdong Apollo are among the best teams.

但是我们要去亚洲和世界还有很长的路要走。我们应该向外国队学习。必须邀请外国球员和教练。大连万达、上海申花、广东阿波罗都在最佳阵容之列。

I love playing football, because I can play football to stay healthy, football is a good sport.

我喜欢踢足球，因为我可以踢足球来保持健康，足球是一项好运动。

kick-off 开球
bicycle kick, overhead kick 倒钩球
chest-high ball 平胸球
corner ball, corner 角球
goal kick 球门球
ground ball, grounder 地面球
hand ball 手触球
header 头球
penalty kick 点球
spot kick 罚点球
free kick 罚任意球
throw-in 掷界外球
ball handling 控制球
block tackle 正面抢截
body check 身体阻挡
bullt 球门前混战
fair charge 合理冲撞
chesting 胸部挡球
close-marking defence 钉人防守
close pass, short pass 短传
consecutive passes 连续传球
deceptive movement 假动作
diving header 鱼跃顶球
flying headar 跳起顶球
dribbling 盘球
finger-tip save （守门员）托救球
clean catching （守门员）跳球抓好
flank pass 边线传球
high lobbing pass 高吊传球
scissor pass 交叉传球
volley pass 凌空传球
triangular pass 三角传球
rolling pass, ground pass 滚地传球
slide tackle 铲球
clearance kick 解除危险的球
to shoot 射门
grazing shot 贴地射门
close-range shot 近射
long drive 远射
mis**t 未射中
offside 越位
to pass the ball 传球
to take a pass 接球
spot pass 球传到位
to trap 脚底停球
to intercept 截球
to break through, to beat 带球过人
to break loose 摆脱
to control the midfield 控制中场
to disorganize the defence 破坏防守
to fall back 退回
to set a wall 筑人墙
to set the pace 掌握进攻节奏
to ward off an assault 击退一次攻势
to break up an attack 破坏一次攻势
ball playing skill 控球技术
total football 全攻全守足球战术
open football 拉开的足球战术
off-side trap 越位战术
wing play 边锋战术
shoot-on-sight tactics 积极的抢射战术
time wasting tactics 拖延战术
Brazilian formation 巴西阵式， 4-2-4 阵式
four backs system 四后卫制
four-three-three formation 4-3-3 阵式
four-two-four formation 4-2-4 阵式
red card 红牌（表示判罚出场）
yellow card 黄牌（表示警告）